UPSC Prelims 2023 Question:

Which one of the following is the best example of repeated falls in sea level, giving rise to present-day extensive marshland?

Learn more about the Rann of Kutch Marshland and its Bioreserve.

Explanation:

The Rann of Kutch is a vast salt marsh located in the Thar Desert of Gujarat, India. It is known for its unique ecosystem and is characterised by extensive marshy areas.

The region has experienced multiple cycles of sea level fluctuations over time, leading to the formation of the marshland in the present day.

The Rann was once a shallow part of the Arabian Sea until a geological shift closed off the connection with the sea. The region became a seasonal marshy salt desert over the years. During monsoons, the region fills up with water and forms a wetland. In the summer the water dries to create a bed of white salty land.

Rann of Kutch Biosphere Reserve

The Rann of Kutch Biosphere Reserve is a vast area of seasonal salt marshes, grasslands, and forests located in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is one of the largest salt marshes in the world, covering over 12,000 square kilometres. The biosphere reserve was established in 2008 to protect the region's unique ecosystem and biodiversity.

The Rann of Kutch is home to a wide variety of plant and animal life, many of which are specially adapted to the harsh desert environment. The most famous animal species in the biosphere reserve is the Indian wild ass, locally known as the "ghudkhar." This endangered species is one of the main attractions for visitors to the Rann of Kutch.

Apart from its rich biodiversity, the Rann of Kutch is also culturally significant. It is inhabited by various indigenous communities, including the Kutchi people, who have adapted their lifestyle to the desert environment. The region is known for its vibrant handicrafts, intricate embroidery work, and traditional art forms.

Therefore, option (4) is the correct answer.