UPSC Prelims 2022 Question:

If a major solar storm (solar flare) reaches the Earth, which of the following are the possible effects on the Earth?

1. GPS and navigation systems could fail.
2. Tsunamis could occur at equatorial regions.
3. Power grids could be damaged.
4. Intense auroras could occur over much of the Earth.
5. Forest fires could take place over much of the planet.
6. Orbits of the satellites could be disturbed.
7. Shortwave radio communication of the aircraft flying over polar regions could be interrupted.
   
   

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Explanation: 

• Solar flares are large explosions from the surface of the sun that emit intense bursts of electromagnetic radiation. The intensity of the explosion determines what classification the flare belongs to. The most powerful are X-class flares, followed by M-, C- and B-class; A-class flares are the smallest. Solar flares occur when magnetic energy builds up in the solar atmosphere and is released suddenly. These outbursts are intrinsically linked to the solar cycle — an approximately 11-year cycle of solar activity driven by the sun's magnetic field.
  
  
• Different types of flares, particularly X-class flares, affect Earth, satellites and even astronauts. They can lead to failing of GPS and navigation systems and could damage power grids on earth. They could also result in intense auroras over much of the Earth. High intensity solar flares also could disturb space activities. Due to their occurrence, orbits of the satellites could be disturbed and shortwave radio communication of the aircraft flying over polar regions could be interrupted. So, points 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7 are correct.
  
  
• It should also be noted that the solar wind directed towards the Earth becomes weaker with deeper penetration towards the topographic surface. So, Solar flares may not result in Tsunami and Forest fires. So, points 2 and 5 are not correct.
  
  

Therefore, option (3) is the correct answer.

Subject: Science & Technology|Recent Developments