Late Blight disease

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About is Late Blight Disease:

Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) is one of the most serious fungal diseases that can affect tomatoes and potatoes.
Transmission:
- It is spread from infected transplants, volunteer potato or tomato plants, and certain weeds botanically related to tomatoes.
- Spores of this fungus can be airborne and travel great distances in storms. Rain deposits spores on plants, causing infection.
- Late blight is favored by cool, wet weather and will cycle repeatedly if weather conditions are favorable.
Symptoms:
- When plants have become infected, lesions (round or irregularly shaped areas that range in colour from dark green to purplish black and resemble frost injury) appear on the leaves, petioles, and stems.
- A whitish growth of spore-producing structures may appear at the margin of the lesions on theunder leaf surfaces.
- Potato tubers develop rot up to 15 mm (0.6 inch) deep.
- Secondary fungi and bacteria (particularly Erwinia species) often invade potato tubers and produce rotting that results in great losses during storage, transit, and marketing.
The disease can be managed with a timely application of fungicide, though epidemics can occur rapidly once crops are infected.

Q1: What are Fungi?

Fungi, along with Animalia (animals), Plantae (plants), Protista, Archaea/Archaebacteria, and Bacteria or Eubacteria form the six ‘kingdoms’ of biology. They are eukaryotic organisms; i.e., their cells contain membrane-bound organelles and clearly defined nuclei. Fungi usually reproduce both sexually and asexually. Fungi are either terrestrial or aquatic, the latter living in freshwater or marine environments. They are found in all temperate and tropical regions of the world where there is sufficient moisture to enable them to grow.

Source: CPRI issues advisory as late blight disease threatens potato crops