What are Recombinant Proteins?

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About Recombinant Proteins:

These are proteins encoded by recombinant DNA that has been cloned in an expression vector that supports expression of the gene and translation of messenger RNA.
Modification of the gene by recombinant DNA technology can lead to expression of a mutant protein.
It is a manipulated form of native protein, which is generated in various ways in order to increase production of proteins, modify gene sequences, and manufacture useful commercial products.
It is created by fusing sequences that may not be normally present in an organism.
Recombinant proteins, such as vaccine antigens, insulin and monoclonal antibodies, are mass-produced by growing modified bacterial, viral or mammalian cells in large bioreactors. The most widely used organism is the yeast Pichia pastoris (now called Komagataella phaffii).
Application of Recombinant Proteins
- It is used in biomedical research to understand health and disease.
- It is used in biotherapeutics.
- It is used to produce protein-based polymers for drug delivery, antibodies and enzymes for disease treatment, protein scaffolds for tissue engineering etc.

What is protein?

It is the workhorse in biological systems facilitating most of biological processes in a cell, including gene expression, cell growth, proliferation, nutrient uptake, intercellular communication and apoptosis.
The blueprint for protein synthesis is stored in DNA, which serves as a template for highly regulated transcriptional processes to produce messenger RNA (mRNA).

Q1: What is genetic disorder?

A genetic disorder is a medical condition caused by abnormalities or mutations in an individual’s DNA or genes. These mutations can be inherited from one’s parents or can occur spontaneously during a person’s lifetime.

Source: IISc researchers develop novel method for mass production of recombinant proteins