Operation Trident, Background, Execution, Outcome

Operation Trident was an offensive operation launched by the Indian Navy on Pakistan’s port city of Karachi during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. It was carried out on 4 December 1971. It is regarded as one of the most successful naval operations in Indian military history. 

Operation Trident Background 

Operation Trident was planned during the Indo-Pak War of 1971, which began after political tensions and military conflict in East Pakistan. When Pakistan launched air strikes on Indian airfields on 3 December 1971, India responded with a full-scale military campaign.

Pakistan’s main naval strength and fuel supplies were concentrated at the port of Karachi. To weaken Pakistan early in the war, the Indian Navy planned a surprise night attack using newly acquired missile boats.

The objective was to destroy Pakistani warships, damage oil storage facilities, and establish naval dominance in the Arabian Sea. This plan led to the launch of Operation Trident on 4 December 1971.

Operation Trident Execution

Operation Trident saw the first use of anti-ship missiles in combat in the region. The strike was carried out by a task group comprising the missile boats INS Nipat, INS Nirghat, and INS Veer, supported by the escort ships INS Kiltan and INS Katchall. Using Soviet-origin Styx anti-ship missiles, the Indian Navy launched a surprise night attack near Karachi harbour.

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Operation Trident Outcome

Operation Trident resulted in a decisive naval victory for India during the 1971 war. Key Outcomes of the Operation Trident include:

• The Pakistani destroyer PNS Khaibar and minesweeper PNS Muhafiz were sunk during the attack. Another vessel, PNS Shah Jahan, was heavily damaged.
• Major oil storage tanks at Karachi were set on fire, causing large-scale destruction and fuel shortages.
• The attack disrupted Pakistan’s maritime supply lines and forced its navy to remain confined to port, giving India effective control over the Arabian Sea.

Due to the success of the operation, 4 December is celebrated annually in India as Indian Navy Day.