UPSC Daily Quiz 26 October 2026
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Vajiram & Ravi’s Daily UPSC Quiz is designed to help aspirants strengthen their preparation by focusing on current affairs and concepts from the UPSC Syllabus 2026 for both Prelims & Mains. It allows candidates to revise important topics while regularly assessing their understanding and progress. Practicing these quizzes daily can improve accuracy, speed, and problem-solving skills. This consistent practice also enhances confidence in tackling exam-level questions. Overall, it is a valuable tool for both UPSC Prelims preparation and Mains revision.
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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
1 pointsICIMOD primarily focuses on sustainable development in which geographical region?
Correct
Answer: b
Explanation
The Union ministry of environment, forest & climate change (MoEFCC) recently tasked Almora’s GB Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (GBPNIHE) with coordinating activities of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) in India.
About International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD):
- It is an intergovernmental knowledge and learning centre working on behalf of the people of the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH).
- It was formally established and inaugurated on 5 December 1983.
- It is based in Kathmandu, Nepal.
- It works in and for its eight regional member countries (RMCs) of HKH: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan.
- Mission: Build and share knowledge that drives regional policy and action and attracts investment that enables the diverse countries and communities of the HKH to transition to greener, more inclusive, and climate-resilient development.
- Globalization and climate change have an increasing influence on the stability of fragile mountain ecosystems and the livelihoods of mountain people.
- ICIMOD aims to assist mountain people to understand these changes, adapt to them, and make the most of new opportunities, while addressing upstream-downstream issues.
- It supports regional transboundary programmes through partnerships with regional partner institutions, facilitates the exchange of experience, and serves as a regional knowledge hub.
- It also strengthens networking among regional and global centres of excellence.
Hence option b is the correct answer.
Incorrect
Answer: b
Explanation
The Union ministry of environment, forest & climate change (MoEFCC) recently tasked Almora’s GB Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (GBPNIHE) with coordinating activities of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) in India.
About International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD):
- It is an intergovernmental knowledge and learning centre working on behalf of the people of the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH).
- It was formally established and inaugurated on 5 December 1983.
- It is based in Kathmandu, Nepal.
- It works in and for its eight regional member countries (RMCs) of HKH: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan.
- Mission: Build and share knowledge that drives regional policy and action and attracts investment that enables the diverse countries and communities of the HKH to transition to greener, more inclusive, and climate-resilient development.
- Globalization and climate change have an increasing influence on the stability of fragile mountain ecosystems and the livelihoods of mountain people.
- ICIMOD aims to assist mountain people to understand these changes, adapt to them, and make the most of new opportunities, while addressing upstream-downstream issues.
- It supports regional transboundary programmes through partnerships with regional partner institutions, facilitates the exchange of experience, and serves as a regional knowledge hub.
- It also strengthens networking among regional and global centres of excellence.
Hence option b is the correct answer.
-
Question 2 of 10
2. Question
1 pointsINS Vikrant was commissioned into the Indian Navy in:
Correct
Answer: c
Explanation:
The Indian Navy recently commenced trials of the Rafale Marine fighter aircraft at the Shore Based Test Facility in Goa to validate modifications required for operations from the indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant.
About INS Vikrant:
- It is India’s first indigenously designed and manufactured aircraft carrier.
- The ship has been designed in-house by the Indian Navy’s Warship Design Bureau and constructed by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) in Kochi.
- It is the largest warship ever constructed in the country.
- It takes its name from India’s first aircraft carrier, INS Vikrant (R11), bought from the UK, which was decommissioned in 1997.
- It was commissioned into the Indian Navy in 2022.
- With the induction of INS Vikrant, the Indian Navy now has two aircraft carriers in its array–INS Vikramaditya (a modified Kiev-class aircraft carrier purchased from Russia) being the other one.
- With it, India also joins the elite group of nations–the US, Russia, France, the UK, and China – who are capable of designing and constructing aircraft carriers.
- Features:
- Size: The carrier is 262.5 metres long and 61.6 metres wide, with a displacement of approximately 45,000 tonnes.
- The massive aircraft carrier boasts 14 decks. The ship accommodates around 1,600 personnel, including women officers and sailors, and contains approximately 2,200 compartments.
- Indigenous Content: 76 percent of the ship is indigenously built, including around 30,000 tonnes of specialty steel supplied by Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL).
- Propulsion: It is powered by four gas turbines that together generate about 88 megawatts of power.
- Speed: It can achieve a maximum designed speed of 28 knots.
- Endurance: 8,600 miles (13,890 kilometres), and it is capable of functioning independently for up to 45 days at sea.
- It is capable of operating an air wing consisting of 30 aircraft comprising MIG-29K fighter jets, Kamov-31, and MH-60R multi-role helicopters, in addition to indigenously manufactured Advanced Light Helicopters (ALH) and Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) (Navy).
- It operates on the Short Take-Off But Arrested Recovery (STOBAR) system, which allows aircraft to take off using a ski jump and land with the help of arrester wires.
Hence option c is the correct answer.
Incorrect
Answer: c
Explanation:
The Indian Navy recently commenced trials of the Rafale Marine fighter aircraft at the Shore Based Test Facility in Goa to validate modifications required for operations from the indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant.
About INS Vikrant:
- It is India’s first indigenously designed and manufactured aircraft carrier.
- The ship has been designed in-house by the Indian Navy’s Warship Design Bureau and constructed by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) in Kochi.
- It is the largest warship ever constructed in the country.
- It takes its name from India’s first aircraft carrier, INS Vikrant (R11), bought from the UK, which was decommissioned in 1997.
- It was commissioned into the Indian Navy in 2022.
- With the induction of INS Vikrant, the Indian Navy now has two aircraft carriers in its array–INS Vikramaditya (a modified Kiev-class aircraft carrier purchased from Russia) being the other one.
- With it, India also joins the elite group of nations–the US, Russia, France, the UK, and China – who are capable of designing and constructing aircraft carriers.
- Features:
- Size: The carrier is 262.5 metres long and 61.6 metres wide, with a displacement of approximately 45,000 tonnes.
- The massive aircraft carrier boasts 14 decks. The ship accommodates around 1,600 personnel, including women officers and sailors, and contains approximately 2,200 compartments.
- Indigenous Content: 76 percent of the ship is indigenously built, including around 30,000 tonnes of specialty steel supplied by Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL).
- Propulsion: It is powered by four gas turbines that together generate about 88 megawatts of power.
- Speed: It can achieve a maximum designed speed of 28 knots.
- Endurance: 8,600 miles (13,890 kilometres), and it is capable of functioning independently for up to 45 days at sea.
- It is capable of operating an air wing consisting of 30 aircraft comprising MIG-29K fighter jets, Kamov-31, and MH-60R multi-role helicopters, in addition to indigenously manufactured Advanced Light Helicopters (ALH) and Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) (Navy).
- It operates on the Short Take-Off But Arrested Recovery (STOBAR) system, which allows aircraft to take off using a ski jump and land with the help of arrester wires.
Hence option c is the correct answer.
-
Question 3 of 10
3. Question
1 pointsOsbeckia assamensis belongs to which group of organisms?
Correct
Answer: d
Explanation:
Researchers recently identified a new flowering plant species named Osbeckia assamensis in Assam’s Manas National Park.
About Osbeckia assamensis:
- It is a new species of flowering plant.
- It was discovered in grasslands within Manas National Park of Assam. The area forms part of the foothills of the Himalayas.
- It belongs to the Melastomataceae family, one of the ten largest families of flowering plants.
- It is a perennial shrub that grows between 2 and 2.5 metres tall.
- It distinguished it from the closely related Osbeckia nayarii by examining its stem, leaves, flowers, and seeds.
- The new species has an inflorescence bearing 30 to 35 flowers, compared with five to 12 in O. nayarii.
- It has pink flowers, large opposite leaves, and a largely unbranched stem.
- Its flowering and fruiting season extends from September to February.
- It also has distinctive hairs along its stem and longer seeds.
- Its conservation status has been classified as ‘Data Deficient’ under the IUCN criteria.
Hence option d is the correct answer.
Incorrect
Answer: d
Explanation:
Researchers recently identified a new flowering plant species named Osbeckia assamensis in Assam’s Manas National Park.
About Osbeckia assamensis:
- It is a new species of flowering plant.
- It was discovered in grasslands within Manas National Park of Assam. The area forms part of the foothills of the Himalayas.
- It belongs to the Melastomataceae family, one of the ten largest families of flowering plants.
- It is a perennial shrub that grows between 2 and 2.5 metres tall.
- It distinguished it from the closely related Osbeckia nayarii by examining its stem, leaves, flowers, and seeds.
- The new species has an inflorescence bearing 30 to 35 flowers, compared with five to 12 in O. nayarii.
- It has pink flowers, large opposite leaves, and a largely unbranched stem.
- Its flowering and fruiting season extends from September to February.
- It also has distinctive hairs along its stem and longer seeds.
- Its conservation status has been classified as ‘Data Deficient’ under the IUCN criteria.
Hence option d is the correct answer.
-
Question 4 of 10
4. Question
1 pointsWhat field does the Oskar Klein Medal recognise outstanding contributions to?
Correct
Answer: c
Explanation:
Professor Ashoke Sen has been awarded the Oskar Klein Medal for 2026, becoming the first Indian physicist to receive the honour.
About Oskar Klein Medal:
- It is a prestigious international award that recognises outstanding contributions to theoretical physics.
- Established in 1988, the medal honours the legacy of Swedish theoretical physicist Oskar Klein.
- The medal is awarded annually by Stockholm University and the Nobel Committee for Physics of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
- Past recipients of the medal have included some of the world’s top physicists, Alan Guth and Stephen Hawking, and Nobel laureates Peter Higgs, Kip Thorne, and Steven Weinberg, among others.
- 2026 Winner:
- Professor Ashoke Sen, a renowned Indian theoretical physicist, was awarded the Oskar Klein Medal 2026.
- He is the first Indian to receive the award.
- The award recognizes his pioneering contributions to string theory, which seeks to explain the fundamental nature of the universe, black hole entropy, and string field theory, which have significantly shaped modern theoretical physics.
- The 2026 Oskar Klein Memorial Lecture, titled “Gravity from Strings and Strings from Gravity,” was delivered by Prof. Sen at Stockholm University’s AlbaNova Centre on 22 October 2026.
Hence option c is the correct answer.
Incorrect
Answer: c
Explanation:
Professor Ashoke Sen has been awarded the Oskar Klein Medal for 2026, becoming the first Indian physicist to receive the honour.
About Oskar Klein Medal:
- It is a prestigious international award that recognises outstanding contributions to theoretical physics.
- Established in 1988, the medal honours the legacy of Swedish theoretical physicist Oskar Klein.
- The medal is awarded annually by Stockholm University and the Nobel Committee for Physics of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
- Past recipients of the medal have included some of the world’s top physicists, Alan Guth and Stephen Hawking, and Nobel laureates Peter Higgs, Kip Thorne, and Steven Weinberg, among others.
- 2026 Winner:
- Professor Ashoke Sen, a renowned Indian theoretical physicist, was awarded the Oskar Klein Medal 2026.
- He is the first Indian to receive the award.
- The award recognizes his pioneering contributions to string theory, which seeks to explain the fundamental nature of the universe, black hole entropy, and string field theory, which have significantly shaped modern theoretical physics.
- The 2026 Oskar Klein Memorial Lecture, titled “Gravity from Strings and Strings from Gravity,” was delivered by Prof. Sen at Stockholm University’s AlbaNova Centre on 22 October 2026.
Hence option c is the correct answer.
-
Question 5 of 10
5. Question
1 pointsSaidongar-1 Pumped Storage Project located in:
Correct
Answer: b
Explanation:
Environmental activists and opposition parties recently came out against the “rampant” cutting of hundreds of trees for Torrent Power’s Saidongar-1 Pumped Storage Project in Raigad district of Maharashtra.
About Saidongar-1 Pumped Storage Project:
- The Saidongar 1 (Karjat) Off-Stream Open Loop Pumped Storage project (PSP) is a major hydro-energy initiative located in Karjat taluka, Raigad district of
- The project is adjacent to the Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary of Pune district in the Sahyadri-Western Ghats ranges.
- With a capacity of 3,000 MW, it will be India’s largest PSP.
- The project will comprise two reservoirs.
- The upper reservoir will be constructed on the hilltop with a maximum dam height of 27 m to create the desired storage capacity, while the lower reservoir will have a maximum height of 59 m and shall be constructed across River Pej.
- It comprises 10 reversible pump turbines, each of 300 MW.
- It is being developed by Torrent Energy Storage Solutions Private Limited, a subsidiary of Gujarat-based Torrent Power Ltd.
- Once operational, it will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 4.55 million tons per year, roughly equivalent to taking around 1 million cars off the road
- With an annual energy production of 6,241 GWh, the project is expected to contribute to grid reliability and energy security in the state and other regions.
Hence option b is the correct answer.
Incorrect
Answer: b
Explanation:
Environmental activists and opposition parties recently came out against the “rampant” cutting of hundreds of trees for Torrent Power’s Saidongar-1 Pumped Storage Project in Raigad district of Maharashtra.
About Saidongar-1 Pumped Storage Project:
- The Saidongar 1 (Karjat) Off-Stream Open Loop Pumped Storage project (PSP) is a major hydro-energy initiative located in Karjat taluka, Raigad district of
- The project is adjacent to the Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary of Pune district in the Sahyadri-Western Ghats ranges.
- With a capacity of 3,000 MW, it will be India’s largest PSP.
- The project will comprise two reservoirs.
- The upper reservoir will be constructed on the hilltop with a maximum dam height of 27 m to create the desired storage capacity, while the lower reservoir will have a maximum height of 59 m and shall be constructed across River Pej.
- It comprises 10 reversible pump turbines, each of 300 MW.
- It is being developed by Torrent Energy Storage Solutions Private Limited, a subsidiary of Gujarat-based Torrent Power Ltd.
- Once operational, it will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 4.55 million tons per year, roughly equivalent to taking around 1 million cars off the road
- With an annual energy production of 6,241 GWh, the project is expected to contribute to grid reliability and energy security in the state and other regions.
Hence option b is the correct answer.
-
Question 6 of 10
6. Question
1 pointsThe Democratic Republic of the Congo is located in which region of Africa?
Correct
Answer: b
Explanation:
The head of the World Health Organisation said that the first clinical trial of an Ebola vaccine began in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
About Democratic Republic of Congo:
- Location: It is located in Central Africa with the equator passing through the country.
- Bordering countries: It is bordered by Angola, Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Zambia.
- It is not a landlocked country and has a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest.
- Capital City:
- Geographical Features of Democratic Republic of Congo:
- Climate: It has an equatorial climate.
- Plateau region: The plateaus are mostly covered in savanna grasslands.
- Major River: It is drained by the Congo River.
- Lakes: It has famous lakes like Lake Tanganyika, Lake Albert, Lake Edward, Lake Kivu
- Volcanoes: Mount Nyiragongo which is an active volcano located in Virunga Mountains.
- Natural Resources: The DRC is rich in natural resources such as industrial diamonds, cobalt, and copper etc
Hence option b is the correct answer.
News: https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/ebola-vaccine-trial-begins-in-dr-congo/article71617960.ece
Incorrect
Answer: b
Explanation:
The head of the World Health Organisation said that the first clinical trial of an Ebola vaccine began in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
About Democratic Republic of Congo:
- Location: It is located in Central Africa with the equator passing through the country.
- Bordering countries: It is bordered by Angola, Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Zambia.
- It is not a landlocked country and has a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest.
- Capital City:
- Geographical Features of Democratic Republic of Congo:
- Climate: It has an equatorial climate.
- Plateau region: The plateaus are mostly covered in savanna grasslands.
- Major River: It is drained by the Congo River.
- Lakes: It has famous lakes like Lake Tanganyika, Lake Albert, Lake Edward, Lake Kivu
- Volcanoes: Mount Nyiragongo which is an active volcano located in Virunga Mountains.
- Natural Resources: The DRC is rich in natural resources such as industrial diamonds, cobalt, and copper etc
Hence option b is the correct answer.
News: https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/ebola-vaccine-trial-begins-in-dr-congo/article71617960.ece
-
Question 7 of 10
7. Question
1 pointsThe Narcotics Control Bureau was established in:
Correct
Answer: c
Explanation:
Recently, the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) launched ‘Operation Trident with 38 teams striking 38 locations simultaneously across Assam, Mizoram, and Manipur.
About Narcotics Control Bureau:
- It is the nodal drug law enforcement and intelligence agency under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
- The Narcotics Control Bureau was constituted on 17 March 1986 under Section 4(3) of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act).
- Headquarters: New Delhi
- Functions of Narcotics Control Bureau:
- Coordination: It cordinates among various Central and State Agencies engaged in drug law enforcement;
- Assistance: It assists states in enhancing their drug law enforcement effort; Collection and dissemination of intelligence;
- Analysis of seizure data, study of trends and modus operandi;
- It prepares National Drug Enforcement Statistics;
- Liaisoning: It liaison with International agencies such as UNDCP, INCB, INTERPOL, Customs Cooperation Council, RILO etc;
- It works as national contact point for intelligence and investigations
- It also functions as an enforcement agency through its zonal offices.
- The zonal offices collect and analyse data related to seizures of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, study trends, modus operandi, collect and disseminate intelligence, and work in close cooperation with the Customs, State Police, and other law enforcement agencies.
Hence option c is the correct answer.
News: https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/govt-operation-trident-hits-transnational-drug-cartel-38-sites-three-northeast-states-raided-rs-100-crore-hawala-trail-exposed-3024712-2026-10-25
Incorrect
Answer: c
Explanation:
Recently, the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) launched ‘Operation Trident with 38 teams striking 38 locations simultaneously across Assam, Mizoram, and Manipur.
About Narcotics Control Bureau:
- It is the nodal drug law enforcement and intelligence agency under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
- The Narcotics Control Bureau was constituted on 17 March 1986 under Section 4(3) of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act).
- Headquarters: New Delhi
- Functions of Narcotics Control Bureau:
- Coordination: It cordinates among various Central and State Agencies engaged in drug law enforcement;
- Assistance: It assists states in enhancing their drug law enforcement effort; Collection and dissemination of intelligence;
- Analysis of seizure data, study of trends and modus operandi;
- It prepares National Drug Enforcement Statistics;
- Liaisoning: It liaison with International agencies such as UNDCP, INCB, INTERPOL, Customs Cooperation Council, RILO etc;
- It works as national contact point for intelligence and investigations
- It also functions as an enforcement agency through its zonal offices.
- The zonal offices collect and analyse data related to seizures of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, study trends, modus operandi, collect and disseminate intelligence, and work in close cooperation with the Customs, State Police, and other law enforcement agencies.
Hence option c is the correct answer.
News: https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/govt-operation-trident-hits-transnational-drug-cartel-38-sites-three-northeast-states-raided-rs-100-crore-hawala-trail-exposed-3024712-2026-10-25
-
Question 8 of 10
8. Question
1 pointsHumans most commonly acquire Melioidosis through exposure to:
Correct
Answer: a
Explanation:
A study published in The Lancet Global Health, assessed high-risk hospitalised adults at 15 Indian tertiary-care centres between 2023 -2025 and confirmed melioidosis was found in 262 of 2,953 patients, of those diagnosed, 50 (19.1%) died in hospital.
About Melioidosis:
- It is an infectious disease caused by the environmental Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei.
- Burkholderia pseudomalleus is found in soil and water in tropical and subtropical regions.
- It is seasonal, with 75–85% of cases occurring during the rainy season.
- It is common in people living with: Diabetes, Alcohol use disorder, Chronic kidney disease Chronic lung disease (like cystic fibrosis or COPD).
- Symptoms: Fever, headache, trouble breathing and Stomach or chest pain etc.
- Transmission
- Infection usually occurs when contaminated soil or water enters the body through cuts or wounds.
- Inhalation of contaminated dust or water droplets and, less commonly, ingestion of contaminated water can also transmit the bacterium.
- It is not typically transmitted from animals to humans, and human-to-human transmission is exceptionally rare.
- Melioidosis can cause pneumonia, bloodstream infection, skin and soft-tissue infections, abscesses in organs such as the liver and spleen, septic arthritis and bone infections.
- It is an infectious disease endemic in Southeast Asia, northern Australia, much of the Indian subcontinent, southern China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.
- Treatment: Treatment has two phases: an initial intensive phase with intravenous antibiotics, followed by prolonged oral eradication therapy to reduce the risk of relapse.
Hence option a is the correct answer.
Incorrect
Answer: a
Explanation:
A study published in The Lancet Global Health, assessed high-risk hospitalised adults at 15 Indian tertiary-care centres between 2023 -2025 and confirmed melioidosis was found in 262 of 2,953 patients, of those diagnosed, 50 (19.1%) died in hospital.
About Melioidosis:
- It is an infectious disease caused by the environmental Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei.
- Burkholderia pseudomalleus is found in soil and water in tropical and subtropical regions.
- It is seasonal, with 75–85% of cases occurring during the rainy season.
- It is common in people living with: Diabetes, Alcohol use disorder, Chronic kidney disease Chronic lung disease (like cystic fibrosis or COPD).
- Symptoms: Fever, headache, trouble breathing and Stomach or chest pain etc.
- Transmission
- Infection usually occurs when contaminated soil or water enters the body through cuts or wounds.
- Inhalation of contaminated dust or water droplets and, less commonly, ingestion of contaminated water can also transmit the bacterium.
- It is not typically transmitted from animals to humans, and human-to-human transmission is exceptionally rare.
- Melioidosis can cause pneumonia, bloodstream infection, skin and soft-tissue infections, abscesses in organs such as the liver and spleen, septic arthritis and bone infections.
- It is an infectious disease endemic in Southeast Asia, northern Australia, much of the Indian subcontinent, southern China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.
- Treatment: Treatment has two phases: an initial intensive phase with intravenous antibiotics, followed by prolonged oral eradication therapy to reduce the risk of relapse.
Hence option a is the correct answer.
-
Question 9 of 10
9. Question
1 pointsRugda Mushroom is particularly popular as a seasonal delicacy in:
Correct
Answer: b
Explanation:
Rugda mushroom which is an important non-timber forest produce providing seasonal income for many tribal households in forested villages of Jharkhand.
About Rugda Mushroom:
- It is a wild, edible subterranean fungus.
- It is scientifically known as Astraeus hygrometricus or Astraeus asiaticus.
- It is commonly foraged by tribal communities in eastern and central India.
- It is highly prized across the Chhotanagpur Plateau, particularly in Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and West Bengal
- It appears beneath the forest floor after the first monsoon showers and is hand-foraged for only a few weeks each year.
- It survives in a natural partnership with the roots of sal trees, exchanging nutrients through an underground fungal network. Scientists call this an ectomycorrhizal relationship.
- Ideal Condition for Growth:
- It relies heavily on the monsoon for growth.
- Ideal conditions include high rainfall (around 350 cm), ample sunlight, and temperatures near 30°C.
- The fallen Sal leaves decompose over time to form a nutrient-rich humus layer.
- This layer is a dark, organic part of the soil that is high in moisture and essential nutrients, creating an environment that supports the healthy growth of these mushrooms.
Hence option b is the correct answer.
News: https://www.downtoearth.org.in/food/forest-beneath-a-forest-what-jharkhands-prized-rugda-mushroom-reveals-about-life-underground
Incorrect
Answer: b
Explanation:
Rugda mushroom which is an important non-timber forest produce providing seasonal income for many tribal households in forested villages of Jharkhand.
About Rugda Mushroom:
- It is a wild, edible subterranean fungus.
- It is scientifically known as Astraeus hygrometricus or Astraeus asiaticus.
- It is commonly foraged by tribal communities in eastern and central India.
- It is highly prized across the Chhotanagpur Plateau, particularly in Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and West Bengal
- It appears beneath the forest floor after the first monsoon showers and is hand-foraged for only a few weeks each year.
- It survives in a natural partnership with the roots of sal trees, exchanging nutrients through an underground fungal network. Scientists call this an ectomycorrhizal relationship.
- Ideal Condition for Growth:
- It relies heavily on the monsoon for growth.
- Ideal conditions include high rainfall (around 350 cm), ample sunlight, and temperatures near 30°C.
- The fallen Sal leaves decompose over time to form a nutrient-rich humus layer.
- This layer is a dark, organic part of the soil that is high in moisture and essential nutrients, creating an environment that supports the healthy growth of these mushrooms.
Hence option b is the correct answer.
News: https://www.downtoearth.org.in/food/forest-beneath-a-forest-what-jharkhands-prized-rugda-mushroom-reveals-about-life-underground
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Question 10 of 10
10. Question
1 pointsRanthambore Tiger Reserve is located in which state?
Correct
Answer: a
Explanation:
Recently, Tigress T-2403 was spotted with three cubs in Ranthambore Tiger Reserve in Sawai Madhopur.
About Ranthambore Tiger Reserve:
- Location: It is located in the Sawai Madhopur district of southeastern
- It derives its name from the Ranthambore Fort (a World Heritage Site) situated within its precincts.
- It is located at the junction (great boundary fault) of the Aravalis and Vindhyan ranges.
- It is one of the largest tiger reserves in northern India. It spans an area of roughly 1,411 sq.km.
- Topography: It boasts a spectacular landscape filled with boulder-strewn highland plateaus, lakes, and rivers dotted with old forts and abandoned mosques.
- Vegetation: It is dry deciduous forests and open grassy meadow.
- Rivers: It is bounded to the north by the Banas River and to the south by the Chambal River.
- Lakes: There are several lakes in the park known as Padam Talab, Raj Bagh Talab, and Malik Talab.
- Flora: Pure sands of Dhok tree (Anogeissus pendula) interspersed with grasslands at the plateaus, and other species like Acacia, Capparis, Zizyphus, Prosopis, etc are found here.
- Fauna:
- It consists of leopard, caracal, jungle cat, sambar, chital, chinkara, and wild boar.
- Peacocks, partridges, green pigeons, parakeets, sparrows, prinias, warblers, etc. are examples of avifauna.
Hence option a is the correct answer.
News: https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tigress-t-2403-spotted-with-three-cubs-in-ranthambore-tiger-reserve-101792923074600.html
Incorrect
Answer: a
Explanation:
Recently, Tigress T-2403 was spotted with three cubs in Ranthambore Tiger Reserve in Sawai Madhopur.
About Ranthambore Tiger Reserve:
- Location: It is located in the Sawai Madhopur district of southeastern
- It derives its name from the Ranthambore Fort (a World Heritage Site) situated within its precincts.
- It is located at the junction (great boundary fault) of the Aravalis and Vindhyan ranges.
- It is one of the largest tiger reserves in northern India. It spans an area of roughly 1,411 sq.km.
- Topography: It boasts a spectacular landscape filled with boulder-strewn highland plateaus, lakes, and rivers dotted with old forts and abandoned mosques.
- Vegetation: It is dry deciduous forests and open grassy meadow.
- Rivers: It is bounded to the north by the Banas River and to the south by the Chambal River.
- Lakes: There are several lakes in the park known as Padam Talab, Raj Bagh Talab, and Malik Talab.
- Flora: Pure sands of Dhok tree (Anogeissus pendula) interspersed with grasslands at the plateaus, and other species like Acacia, Capparis, Zizyphus, Prosopis, etc are found here.
- Fauna:
- It consists of leopard, caracal, jungle cat, sambar, chital, chinkara, and wild boar.
- Peacocks, partridges, green pigeons, parakeets, sparrows, prinias, warblers, etc. are examples of avifauna.
Hence option a is the correct answer.
News: https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tigress-t-2403-spotted-with-three-cubs-in-ranthambore-tiger-reserve-101792923074600.html
Last updated on Oct, 2026
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