Cheer Pheasant

Cheer Pheasant

Cheer Pheasant Latest News

Recently, it is observed that hunting and habitat degradation remain the biggest threats of ground-dwelling Cheer Pheasant.

About Cheer Pheasant

  • It is also known as Wallich's pheasant or chir pheasant, belongs to the pheasant family, Phasianidae.
  • Habitat: It is found in steep, rocky hillsides studded with scrub, stunted trees and grassy slopes between 1,200 and 3,350 metres.
  • Distribution: Western Himalaya from northern Pakistan through Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, to central Nepal.

Characteristics of Cheer Pheasant

  • The cheer pheasant’s nest is a simple ground scrape, tucked beneath undergrowth or sheltered by rocks.
  • It exhibits high natal philopatry­—individuals often return to, or remain near, the area where they were born to breed.
  • It depends on early successional grasslands created by traditional grass cutting and burning—practices.
  • Diet: It depends on items such as roots, tubers, bulbs, buried seeds and possibly insect larvae and earthworms.

Conservation Status of Cheer Pheasant

  • IUCN: Vulnerable
  • CITES: Appendix I
  • Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule I

Source: DTE

Cheer Pheasant FAQs

Q1: What is the conservation status of Cheer Pheasant?

Ans: Vulnerable

Q2: Where is the primary habitat of Cheer Pheasant?

Ans: Steep, rocky hillsides with scrub and grassy slopes

Army Ant Species

Army Ant Species

Army Ant Species Latest News

Researchers from Karnataka and Odisha have discovered two new species of army ants namely Aenictus chittoorensis and Aenictus lankamallensis in the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh.

About Army Ant Species

  • Army ants are defined as a nomadic species of ants that lack a permanent nest.
  • They belong to one of the subfamilies of ants called the Dorylinae.
  • Habitat: Army ants are highly aggressive predators found mainly in tropical ecosystems.

Characteristics of Army Ant Species

  • They do not build permanent nests.
  • They form temporary living structures known as ‘bivouacs’, made entirely from the bodies of worker ants.
  • They are social insects, form massive colonies that conduct coordinated raids, consuming insects and small animals in their path.
  • They are distinguished by their large, sharp mandibles, stinging ability and heavy reliance on chemical pheromones to navigate and communicate.
  • These ants are practically blind and rely on a pheromonal system with which they mark their paths and by which they follow paths taken by others. 
  • They have a single queen ant who lays all the eggs and female workers that tend the young and collect food for the colony.
  • Ecological Role: As keystone predators they play a critical role in regulating arthropod populations and shaping forest biodiversity by consuming large quantities of invertebrates on a daily basis.

Source: DH

Army Ant Species FAQs

Q1: What is unique about Army Ant colonies?

Ans: They form massive colonies with coordinated raids

Q2: How do Army Ants primarily communicate?

Ans: Through pheromones

PM-DAKSH Scheme

PM-DAKSH Scheme

PM-DAKSH Scheme Latest News

Recent data released in the Lok Sabha revealed that Less than half of the students trained under the PM-DAKSH scheme between 2021 and 2024 were placed.

About PM-DAKSH Scheme

  • The Pradhan Mantri Dakshata Aur Kushalata Sampanna Hitgrahi (PM-DAKSH) Yojana, is a Central Sector Scheme that was launched during 2020-21.
  • Aim: To provide skills through good quality institutions so that candidates from its target group can find employment.
    • There are four types of skill development training programmes under this namely, Up-skilling/Re-skilling, Short Term Training Programmes, Long Term Training Programmes, and Entrepreneurship Development Programme.
  • Target Group:  Scheduled Castes, Other Backward Castes, Economically Weaker Sections, and the De-notified Tribes in India (DNTs), ‘Safai Karamcharis’ or waste pickers.
  • Eligibility
    • Age: 18-45 years
    • OBC and EWS candidates must have a family income below Rs. 3 lakh, while there is no income limit for SC, DNT, or Safai Mitras/Waste Pickers.
  • It has been merged with the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana of the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship.

Source: TH

PM-DAKSH scheme FAQs

Q1: Who is eligible for PM-DAKSH Scheme?

Ans: Marginalised persons of SC, OBC, EBC, DNT, and sanitation workers

Q2: What is the objective of PM-DAKSH Scheme?

Ans: To provide skill development training to marginalized groups⁵

Chincha Kingdom

Chincha Kingdom

Chincha Kingdom Latest News

New archaeological evidence reveals that seabird guano – nutrient-rich bird droppings - may have been a major factor in the rise of Peru’s precolonial Chincha Kingdom.

About Chincha Kingdom

  • The 'Chincha Kingdom,' which was established in the coastal region of modern-day Peru, was a powerful ancient state that flourished before the rise of the Inca Empire.
  • It ruled the Chincha Valley, about 130 miles south of Lima (capital of Peru).
  • The Chincha Kingdom and its culture were very strong between 900 CE and 1450 CE.  This time is known as the Late Intermediate Period in pre-Columbian Peru.
  • It was a large-scale society comprising an estimated 100,000 people. 
  • It was organised into specialist communities such as fisherfolk, farmers, and merchants
  • The Chinchas did not build enormous cities but left important marks in their religious and administrative constructions. 
  • Their temples, palaces, and fortresses were built mainly with adobe, a technique they mastered skillfully. 
  • They applied stucco to decorate walls, shaping figures of fish heads, gannets, and seabirds. 
  • The dwellings of most of their inhabitants were built around these enclosures, made with mats and reeds.
  • An important old ruin linked to the Chincha is La Centinela, found near the city of Chincha Alta.
  • Decline:
    • Conquered by the Inca Empire around 1476 CE.
    • Later affected by Spanish conquest in the 16th century.
      The population drastically declined due to diseases and colonization.
  • A new analysis suggests that the secret to the Chincha Kingdom's prosperity was seabird droppings (guano). 
    • The analysis indicates that the nutrient-rich droppings, high in nitrogen, acted as a fertilizer, increasing corn yields and significantly contributing to the economic development of the time.

Source: EA

Chincha Kingdom FAQs

Q1: Where was the Chincha Kingdom established?

Ans: It was established in the coastal region of modern-day Peru.

Q2: During which period did the Chincha Kingdom flourish?

Ans: It flourished between 900 CE and 1450 CE.

Q3: How was Chincha society organized?

Ans: It was organized into specialist communities such as fisherfolk, farmers, and merchants.

Q4: What is an important archaeological ruin linked to the Chincha Kingdom?

Ans: La Centinela is an important ruin linked to the Chincha Kingdom.

Q5: Why did the population of the Chincha Kingdom drastically decline?

Ans: The population declined due to diseases and colonization.

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