What is Apoptosis?

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About Apoptosis:

It is the process of programmed cell death.
It is a mechanism that allows cells to self-destruct when stimulated by the appropriate trigger.
Process:
- It involves condensation of the nucleus and cytoplasm, followed by cellular partitioning into well-defined fragments for disposal.
- The damaged cells are disposed of in an orderly fashion.
It is used during early development to eliminate unwanted cells; for example, those between the fingers of a developing hand.
In adults, apoptosis is used to rid the body of cells that have been damaged beyond repair and have become a threat to survival. Such cells can include cancer cells or cells that are infected with bacteria or a virus.
Apoptosis also removes cells that are normal but no longer needed, such as cells that produce antibodies after the need for the antibody has passed.
Apoptosis can also be triggered in otherwise normal cells by external stimuli, including nutrient removal, toxins, hormones, heat, and radiation.
Too much apoptosis in an otherwise normal human being will result in a number of so-called neurodegenerative diseases where cells die when they’re not supposed to die.
It is estimated that a mass of cells equal to body weight is removed by apoptosis each year.

Q1) What is cell death?

Cell death refers to the event that leads to the death of a cell. The process entails the breaking down of cell structures. The death of a cell may be determined when it has completed a fixed number of division cycles or at some earlier stage when programmed to do so, as in digit separation in vertebrate limb morphogenesis.

Source: Researchers provide fresh information on the molecular mechanisms that stop the progression of cancer