UPSC Prelims 2020 Question:

In the context of India, which of the following is/are considered to be practice(s) of eco-friendly agriculture?

1. Crop diversification 
2. Legume intensification 
3. Tensiometer use 
4. Vertical farming
   
   

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Explanation:

• Crop diversification refers to the addition of new crops or cropping systems to agricultural production on a particular farm. Crop diversification promotes the interaction of beneficial soil bacteria, interrupts the disease cycle, and reduces the quantity of weeds. Crop diversification boosts land-use efficiency and crop output by improving the physical and chemical qualities of soil. So, point 1 is correct.
  
  
• Legumes contribute to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, as they release 5–7 times less GHG per unit area compared with other crops. Legumes fix the atmospheric nitrogen, release in the soil high-quality organic matter and facilitate soil nutrients’ circulation and water retention. So, point 2 is correct.
  
  
• Tensiometers are used most frequently for monitoring soil moisture and soil water tension. They can help in preventing the overuse of water in soil. So, point 3 is correct.
  
  

Therefore, option (1) is the correct answer.

Subject: Environment | Sustainable Development