UPSC Prelims 2024 Question:

Consider the following

1. Cashew
2. Papaya
3. Red Sanders
   
   

How many of the above trees are actually native to India?

Explanation:

• The cashew is native to northeastern Brazil. Portuguese missionaries took it to East Africa and India during the late 16th century, where it became abundant at low altitudes near the seacoast. The tree produces wood that is useful in local economies for such practical items as shipping crates, boats, and charcoal as well as for a gum that is similar to gum Arabic. So, point 1 is not correct.
  
  
• Papaya originated from southern Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. It is now cultivated in most tropical countries. It is highly sensitive to frost and waterlogging. In India, papaya is cultivated in states like Orissa, West Bengal, Kerala, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat. It is a potential fruit crop for commercial cultivation in Goa. So, point 2 is not correct.
  
  
• Red Sanders is an Indian endemic tree species, with a restricted geographical range in the Eastern Ghats. As a native species to Andhra Pradesh, Red Sanders's use and trade are regulated by the State. Following the amendment to the Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 in December 2022, Red Sanders is now listed in Schedule IV. Under the foreign trade policy of India, the import of Red Sanders is prohibited, while export is restricted. Despite the regulation and legal protection, illegal logging and timber extraction remain major conservation concerns for the species. So, point 3 is correct.
  
  

Therefore, option (1) is the correct answer.

Subject: Environment | Biodiversity and Conservation