Annual Survey of Industries (ASI), Objectives, Data, Significance

Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) released the results of the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) for 2024-25 in September 2026. According to the latest report, India’s registered manufacturing sector recorded growth in industrial output, employment, wages, investment and Gross Value Added (GVA). The number of manufacturing establishments increased to 2.67 lakh, while total estimated employment crossed 2 crore. The report highlights the growing contribution of manufacturing industries to India’s economic development.

What is the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI)?

Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) is a major industrial survey conducted by the Government of India to collect information about the country’s registered industrial sector. It provides data on industrial production, employment, wages, capital investment, input costs and the value added by industries.

The survey helps the government understand the performance of manufacturing industries and identify changes in industrial growth over time. It also provides important data for economic planning, policymaking and the preparation of National Accounts Statistics.

The ASI has been conducted annually since 1960, with 1959 as its reference year, except for 1972.

Annual Survey of Industries 2026 Key Highlights

The latest ASI 2024–25 results show that India’s registered manufacturing sector continued to expand.

• Manufacturing establishments: The number increased from 2.60 lakh in 2023-24 to 2.67 lakh in 2024-25, registering growth of 2.64%.
• Industrial output: Increased by 7.81% compared with the previous year.
• Gross Value Added (GVA): Increased by 9.59%, from approximately ₹24.58 lakh crore to ₹26.94 lakh crore.
• Employment: Total employment grew by 7.19%, adding more than 14 lakh workers and taking estimated employment beyond 2 crore.
• Wages and emoluments: Total emoluments increased by 12.08%.
• Fixed capital: Recorded growth of 10.54%, indicating increased investment in long-term industrial assets.
• Invested capital: Increased by 11.10%, including fixed capital and physical working capital.
• Net income: Increased by 9.68%.
• Net profit: Grew by 7.73%.
• Leading industries: Basic metals, motor vehicles, chemicals and chemical products, pharmaceutical products, and food products together contributed more than 45% of total manufacturing GVA.
• Leading states in employment: Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana together accounted for more than 56% of total manufacturing employment.

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Objectives of the Annual Survey of Industries

The main objectives of the ASI are:

• Measure industrial growth: To understand changes in industrial production and the performance of registered industries.
• Estimate industrial contribution: To measure the contribution of registered industries to national income through value addition.
• Study employment trends: To collect information about the number of workers, employment conditions, wages and other payments.
• Track capital investment: To understand investment in machinery, buildings, equipment and other industrial assets.
• Support policymaking: To provide reliable information for designing and evaluating industrial and economic policies.
• Understand industrial structure: To compare the performance of different industries and states.
• Support national statistics: To provide data for preparing National Accounts Statistics and other important economic indicators.

Annual Survey of Industries 2026: State-Wise Findings

The latest survey shows that a few states account for a major share of India’s registered manufacturing establishments, industrial value addition and employment.

1. States with the Highest Number of Manufacturing Establishments

According to ASI 2024–25, the states with the highest number of registered manufacturing establishments were:

• Tamil Nadu: 41,221 establishments.
• Gujarat: 33,084 establishments.
• Maharashtra: 27,379 establishments.

Tamil Nadu had the highest number of manufacturing establishments among the states covered in the report.

2. States with the Highest Manufacturing GVA

The five leading states in terms of their share of manufacturing Gross Value Added were:

• Maharashtra: 15.92%.
• Gujarat: 14.10%.
• Tamil Nadu: 10.90%.
• Karnataka: 7.31%.
• Uttar Pradesh: 6.64%.

Together, these five states contributed more than 54% of India’s total manufacturing GVA in 2024–25.

3. States with the Highest Manufacturing Employment

The leading states in terms of total manufacturing employment were:

• Tamil Nadu: 14.99% of total persons engaged.
• Maharashtra: 13.08%.
• Gujarat: 12.99%.
• Uttar Pradesh: 8.72%.
• Haryana: 6.44%.

These five states together accounted for approximately 56% of total manufacturing employment.

What is Gross Value Added (GVA)?

Gross Value Added (GVA) measures the value created by producing goods and services after deducting the value of intermediate inputs used in production.

In simple terms, it shows how much additional economic value an industry creates through its production activities.

For example, if a factory produces goods worth ₹100 crore and uses raw materials and other intermediate inputs worth ₹60 crore, its GVA is ₹40 crore.

Formula: GVA = Value of Output − Intermediate Consumption

What is the Difference Between ASI and IIP?

The Annual Survey of Industries and the Index of Industrial Production are both important indicators of India’s industrial performance, but they serve different purposes.

• Annual Survey of Industries (ASI): Provides detailed annual information about registered industrial establishments, including employment, wages, capital investment, output and value added.
• Index of Industrial Production (IIP): Measures changes in the volume of industrial production over time through an index.
• Nature of data: ASI provides detailed structural and financial information, whereas IIP tracks changes in production levels.
• Frequency: ASI is an annual survey, while IIP is released monthly.

Significance of the Annual Survey of Industries

The ASI is important for understanding the health of India’s industrial sector and supporting evidence-based economic decisions.

• Economic planning: Helps the government assess industrial performance and formulate suitable policies.
• Employment generation: Provides information about industrial jobs, workers and wage payments.
• Investment decisions: Helps identify trends in capital formation and industrial expansion.
• Manufacturing development: Shows which industries contribute significantly to industrial value addition.
• Regional development: Helps compare industrial activity across states and identify regional differences.
• National income estimation: Provides important information for preparing National Accounts Statistics.
• Business decisions: Helps researchers, investors and industry stakeholders understand industrial trends.