Keoladeo National Park: Rajasthan plans zoo inside Bharatpur Sanctuary

What’s in today’s article?

• Why in News?
• About the Keoladeo National Park or Keoladeo Ghana National Park: 
• What is the Purpose of the Zoo (WESCE)?
• What Concerns have been Raised Regarding WESCE?

Why in News?

• The Rajasthan state Forest Department has proposed to construct a zoo inside Keoladeo National Park, a World Heritage Site formerly/popularly known as Bharatpur bird sanctuary.
• The purpose of this zoo, called Wetland ex-situ Conservation Establishment (WESCE), is to display a range of wetland species, including rhinos, water buffaloes, crocs, dolphins and exotic species.

About the Keoladeo National Park
 

Image Caption: Keoladeo National Park

• The 29 km² reserve (locally known as Ghana) is a famous avifauna sanctuary in Bharatpur (Rajasthan, India), that is known for its rich biological diversity and that hosts thousands of birds, especially during the winter season. 
• It was notified as a bird sanctuary in 1956 and established as a national park in 1982 and is also a World Heritage Site.
• It is a wetland (man-made and man-managed) of international importance (a Ramsar site) for migratory waterfowl, where birds migrating down the Central Asian flyway congregate.
• At time of inscription, it was the wintering ground for the Critically Endangered Siberian Crane, and is habitat for large numbers of resident nesting birds.
• This is the only park in India that is completely enclosed by a 2 m high boundary wall that minimises the possibilities of any encroachment and biotic disturbances, but there is no possibility of a buffer zone.

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What will be the Purpose of the Zoo?

• According to the Detailed Project Report (DPR) of the Rajasthan Forestry and Biodiversity Development Project (RFBDP), the WESCE aims – 
• To rejuvenate the biodiversity of Keoladeo National Park, 
• Thereby boosting its outstanding universal values.
• The Rs 15-crore WESCE plan is part of the ambitious RFBDP for which Agence Française de Développement (AFD), the overseas development arm of the French government, has agreed to fund up to Rs 12 crore over eight years.
• According to the DPR, several facilities are planned inside Keoladeo national park, including –
• A breeding and reintroduction centre for locally extinct species (otters, fishing cats, blackbucks, hog deer, etc).
• An aquarium for indigenous species like Gangetic Dolphin, crocodiles; enclosures for the display of large wetland species like Indian Rhino, Water Buffalo, Barasingha (swamp deer); etc.

​​​​​​​What Concerns have been Raised Regarding WESCE?

• Experts have raised questions about the proposed zoo coming up in a globally significant habitat for migratory birds.
• Out of concern, the forest department has decided to move the construction work 1-2 km away from the (national park) boundary where there is adequate forest land.

Q1) What is the Wetland ex-situ Conservation Establishment (WESCE)?

WESCE is a zoo planned inside Keoladeo National Park, a World Heritage Site formerly/popularly known as Bharatpur bird sanctuary. The purpose of this zoo is to display a range of wetland species, including rhinos, water buffaloes, crocs, dolphins and exotic species.

Q2) What is unique about the Keoladeo National Park? 

It is a wetland (man-made and man-managed) of international importance (a Ramsar site) for migratory waterfowl, where birds migrating down the Central Asian flyway congregate. This is the only park in India that is completely enclosed by a 2 m high boundary wall, but there is no possibility of a buffer zone.

Source: Rajasthan plans zoo for dolphins, rhinos inside Bharatpur sanctuary  |  WWF India  |  UNESCO