nobel prize for 1 December 2025

The Nobel Prize 2025 stands as one of the most prestigious honors in the world, awarded annually to individuals and organizations who have made exceptional contributions to the advancement of humanity. These prizes are presented in six major fields: Medicine (Physiology), Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences, and represent the highest recognition of excellence, innovation, and service to society.

The Nobel Prize Winners 2025 announcements were made between 6th October and 13th October 2025, honoring extraordinary work that has transformed scientific understanding, promoted global peace, and enriched human culture.

What are the Nobel Prizes?

The Nobel Prizes are a set of international awards given every year to people or organizations that have made remarkable contributions to humanity. These prizes were established as per the will of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist, engineer, and inventor who wanted his fortune to be used to reward those who bring the “greatest benefit to mankind.”

The awards were first presented in 1901, and since then, they have become a global symbol of excellence and humanitarian achievement.

Each Nobel Prize laureate receives:

• A gold medal symbolizes their honor and achievement.
• A diploma, personally signed by the awarding institution.
• A cash award, which varies each year depending on the funds of the Nobel Foundation (in 2023, it was approximately 11 million Swedish kronor, equal to over 1 million USD).

Nobel Prize 2025 Categories

The Nobel Prizes originally began with five categories, as outlined in Nobel’s will. In 1968, a sixth category as Economic Sciences, was added by Sweden’s central bank, bringing the total to six.

Categories of the Nobel Prize 2025
Category	Purpose	Awarded By
Physics	For groundbreaking discoveries explaining the laws of nature and the universe.	The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Chemistry	For advancements in chemical science and discoveries that improve human life.	The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Physiology or Medicine	For discoveries that advance medical knowledge and improve human health.	The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet
Literature	For exceptional works of fiction, poetry, or writing that enrich global literature.	The Swedish Academy
Peace	For efforts in promoting peace, resolving conflicts, and improving global relations.	The Norwegian Nobel Committee
Economic Sciences	Added in 1968; honors contributions to economics and financial science.	The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

Nobel Prize Winners List 2025

The Nobel Prize 2025 awards were announced from 6th to 13th October 2025. Each day corresponds to a specific field, with announcements made by the respective awarding committees in Stockholm and Oslo. The Nobel Prize Winners 2025 list has been shared below based on the category.

Nobel Prize 2025 Winners List
Category	Date of Announcement	Awarded By	Nobel Prize Winners 2025	Contribution
Physiology or Medicine	6th October 2025	The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet, Wallenbergsalen, Solna	Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi	Discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance.
Physics	7th October 2025	The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm	John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret and John M. Martinis	Discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit
Chemistry	8th October 2025	The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm	Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson and Omar Yaghi	For the development of metal-organic frameworks
Literature	9th October 2025	The Swedish Academy, Börssalen, Stockholm	László Krasznahorkai	for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art
Peace	10th October 2025	The Norwegian Nobel Committee, Oslo	Maria Corina Machado	for her tireless work promoting democratic rights for the people of Venezuela and for her struggle to achieve a just and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy
Economic Sciences	13th October 2025	The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm	Joel Mokyr; Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt	for having explained innovation-driven economic growth One half to Joel Mokyr “for having identified the prerequisites for sustained growth through technological progress” Other half jointly to Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt “for the theory of sustained growth through creative destruction.”

Also Read: Nobel Prize 2024 Winners

Nobel Peace Prize 2025

The Nobel Peace Prize 2025 has been announced on 10th October 2025 by The Norwegian Nobel Committee at the Norwegian Nobel Institute in Oslo. The Nobel Peace Prize Winner 2025 is Maria Corina Machado for her tireless efforts in promoting democratic rights in Venezuela. Recognized as a courageous leader, she has united a divided political opposition to peacefully strive for free elections and a just transition from dictatorship to democracy. Her work highlights the power of ballots over bullets and sets an inspiring example of civilian courage and commitment to democracy.

Nobel Prize Winners 2025 Physiology or Medicine

The Nobel Prize Winners 2025 in Medicine have been awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their groundbreaking discoveries in the field of immunology. Their research revealed the crucial role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in maintaining immune system balance and preventing autoimmune diseases. This discovery has paved the way for new treatments for conditions such as multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis, making a lasting impact on medical science and human health.

Nobel Prize Winners 2025 Physics

The Nobel Prize Winners 2025 in Physics has been announced on 7th October 2025 by The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm. The Nobel Prize has been awarded to John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis for their discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit. Their groundbreaking experiments proved that quantum effects can occur in large, hand-held systems, showing how superconducting circuits can tunnel between states and absorb or emit energy in specific, measurable quantities.

Nobel Prize Winners 2025 Chemistry

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2025 has been awarded to Scientists Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar Yaghi for the development of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced in Stockholm on 8th October 2025. Their pioneering work on MOFs porous materials with vast surface areas has revolutionized applications in gas storage, catalysis, and environmental sustainability. The discovery represents a transformative advancement in chemical sciences, with potential benefits for medicine, clean energy, and climate solutions.

Nobel Prize Winners 2025 Literature

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2025 has been awarded to László Krasznahorkai, the Hungarian novelist and screenwriter renowned for his dense, apocalyptic prose and profound philosophical insight. Often called the “writer of the apocalypse,” Krasznahorkai’s work explores humanity on the edge of collapse, transcendence, and revelation.

The announcement was made on 9th October 2025 by The Swedish Academy at Börssalen, Stockholm. This prestigious award honors an author whose writings demonstrate exceptional creativity, depth, and a profound understanding of the human experience, continuing the Nobel tradition of celebrating literary excellence that inspires readers across generations.

Nobel Prize Winners 2025 Economic Sciences

The Nobel Prize 2025 in Economic Sciences has been announced on 13th October 2025 by The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm. The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2025 has been awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their groundbreaking work on innovation-driven economic growth. Mokyr explored historical conditions necessary for sustained technological progress, while Aghion and Howitt developed the theory of creative destruction, showing how new innovations replace old products to drive long-term growth. Their combined research provides deep insight into the forces shaping modern economic development. 

Nobel Prize Winners from India

India has produced several Nobel laureates who have made outstanding contributions to science, literature, peace, and economics. Their achievements have brought international recognition and have inspired generations across the country. Here is the list of all the Nobel Prize Winners from India along with the category and their contribution in various fields.

Nobel Prize Winners from India
Year	Laureate	Category	Contribution / Work
1913	Rabindranath Tagore	Literature	Recognized for his profoundly sensitive, poetic, and humanistic writings
1930	C.V. Raman	Physics	Discovery of the Raman Effect, explaining the scattering of light
1968	Har Gobind Khorana	Medicine	Research on genetic code and protein synthesis
1979	Mother Teresa	Peace	Selfless work with the poor and sick in Kolkata, founded Missionaries of Charity
1983	Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar	Physics	Theoretical studies on the structure and evolution of stars, especially white dwarfs
1998	Amartya Sen	Economic Sciences	Contributions to welfare economics, social choice theory, and development
2009	Venkatraman Ramakrishnan	Chemistry	Studies on the structure and function of the ribosome
2014	Kailash Satyarthi	Peace	Advocacy for children’s rights and fight against child labor
2019	Abhijit Banerjee	Economic Sciences	Experimental approaches to reducing global poverty

How the Nobel Laureates Are Chosen

The selection process for the Nobel Prizes is one of the most rigorous in the world. It involves months of confidential research, nominations, and evaluation by committees of leading experts.

Step-by-Step Selection Process:

1. Nominations: Qualified individuals, including previous laureates, university professors, and selected institutions, nominate candidates.
2. Evaluation: The Nobel Committees study the nominations, review research, and consult with experts.
3. Decision: The respective academies or committees vote to determine the winner(s).
4. Announcement: The results are made public in early October.
5. Award Ceremony: The prizes are formally presented on 10th December, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel’s death.

Significance of the Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize is not merely an award; it is a symbol of human progress, compassion, and creativity. Its significance lies in its power to:

• Encourage innovation: It motivates scientists, thinkers, and peacebuilders to continue pushing boundaries.
• Recognize global impact: It honors efforts that have made lasting positive changes in the world.
• Inspire future generations: Young researchers and writers often see laureates as role models.

Promote peace and cooperation: The Peace Prize especially plays a crucial role in acknowledging movements and individuals striving for global harmony.