Hakki-Pikki tribes

What’s in today’s article?

• Why in news?
• Hakki-Pikki tribes
• Who are the Hakki Pikki?
• Where do they live?
• What were their traditional jobs, and what do they do now?
• What are their rituals and customs?

Why in news?

• More than 181 members of the Hakki Pikki tribal community from Karnataka are stuck in violence-hit Sudan, even as the government is making efforts to bring them back.

Hakki-Pikki tribes

Who are the Hakki Pikki?

• About
  • The Hakki Pikki is a tribe that lives in several states in west and south India, especially near forest areas.
  • Hakki Pikkis (Hakki in Kannada means ‘bird’ and Pikki means ‘catchers’) are a semi-nomadic tribe, traditionally of bird catchers and hunters.
• Population
  • According to the 2011 census, the Hakki Pikki population in Karnataka is 11,892.
  • They live majorly in Davangere, Mysuru, Kolar, Hassan and Shivmogga districts.
  • In different regions, they are known by different names, such as Mel-Shikari in northern Karnataka and Maharashtra.
• Clans
  • The Hakki Pikki move in groups from place to place in search of livelihood.
  • They are divided into four clans, called Gujaratia, Panwar, Kaliwala and Mewaras.
  • These clans can be equated with castes in the traditional Hindu society.
  • In the olden days, there was a hierarchy among the clans, with the Gujaratia at the top and the Mewaras at the bottom.
• Language
  • Despite being surrounded by Dravidian languages and living in southern India, the community speaks an Indo-Aryan language.
  • Their mother tongue was designated ‘Vaagri’ by scholars. They communicate in ‘Vaagri’ at home but speak in Kannada when conducting daily business.
    • UNESCO has listed ‘Vaagri’ as one of the endangered languages.

Where do they live?

• Hakki Pikki people are believed to hail originally from the bordering districts of Gujarat and Rajasthan.
• As per the researchers, they came to the south in search of game.

What were their traditional jobs, and what do they do now?

• Traditionally, Hakki Pikkis lived in forest areas, leading a nomadic life for nine months a year and coming back to their permanent camps for three.
• Earlier, men of the tribe would hunt while women begged in villages. But as the wildlife protection laws became stricter, the Hakki Pikkis in Karnataka started selling spices, herbal oils, and plastic flowers in local temple fairs.
  • Later, they started selling their products in Africa.
• Education levels among the Hakki Pikkis are still low.

What are their rituals and customs?

• Hakki Pikkis in Karnataka follow Hindu traditions and celebrate all Hindu festivals.
• They are non-vegetarians. The eldest son in a family is not supposed to cut his hair so that he can be identified easily.
• The tribe prefers cross-cousin marriages. According to locals, the usual age of marriage is 18 for women and 22 for men.
• The society is matriarchal, where the groom gives dowry to the bride’s family.

Q1) What is UNESCO?

UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that was established in 1945 with the aim of promoting international cooperation and collaboration in the fields of education, science, culture, and communication. UNESCO’s headquarters is located in Paris, France.

Q2) What is Indo-Aryan language?

Indo-Aryan languages are a group of languages spoken in the Indian subcontinent, as well as some other parts of South Asia. They belong to the larger Indo-European language family, which also includes languages such as English, Spanish, French, Russian, and Persian.

Source: Hakki Pikkis caught in Sudan conflict: Why this tribe of bird catchers travels to Africa from Karnataka | India Today | Indian Express