What is KM3NeT Project?

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About KM3NeT Project:

It is a research infrastructure housing the next generation neutrino telescopes with a volume of at least one cubic kilometre.
It uses Cherenkov radiation (light that neutrinos produce when they interact with a water or ice molecule) to study neutrinos.
As a European research infrastructure, it is located in the Mediterranean Sea and involves collaboration among multiple countries.
Key components
- ARCA (Astroparticle Research with Cosmics in the Abyss): It will helpscientists in searching neutrinos from distant astrophysical sources such as supernovae, gamma ray bursters or colliding stars. It is located offshore Sicily, Italy.
- ORCA(Oscillation Research with Cosmics in the Abyss): This telescope is the instrument for KM3NeT scientists studying neutrino properties exploiting neutrinos generated in the Earth’s atmosphere. It islocated offshore of France.
- These telescopes are much like the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, which can detect high-energy neutrinos from deep space but is under the frozen ice in the Antarctic rather than being in the water.
Arrays of thousands of optical sensors will detect the faint light in the deep sea from charged particles originating from collisions of the neutrinos and the Earth.

What isIceCube Neutrino Observatory?

It is a device located at the Earth’s South Pole that detects subatomic particles called neutrinos. Built and maintained by the IceCube Collaboration, it consists of approximately 350 physicists from 58 institutions across 14 countries, led by the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
IceCube collaborators address several big questions in physics, like the nature of dark matter and the properties of the neutrino itself.

Q1: What are Neutrinos?

Neutrinos are tiny subatomic particles, often called ‘ghost particles’ because they barely interact with anything else. Neutrinos are, however, the most common particle in the universe. Approximately 100 trillion neutrinos pass completely harmlessly through your body every second. Their tendency not to interact very often with other particles makes detecting neutrinos very difficult. Neutrinos have no charge; they are neutral, as their name implies.

Source: IE