South American lungfish

About South American lungfish: 

• It is a freshwater species (Lepidosiren paradoxa).
• It is the nearest living relative to the first land vertebrates and closely resembles its primordial ancestors dating back more than 400 million years.
• Distribution: It is mainly inhabiting slow-moving and stagnant waters in Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, French Guiana and Paraguay.
• It has the largest genome compared to any of the animals on the earth.
  • The length of the DNA in each cell of this lungfish would extend almost 60 metres. The human genome would extend a mere 2 metres.
• Its genome is more than 50 times the human genome’s size.
• The world’s four other lungfish species live in Africa, also with large genomes.
• Its genomes are largely composed of repetitive elements – about 90% of the genome.

Key features of Lungfish

• Lungfish first appeared during the Devonian Period.
  • It was during the Devonian that one of the most important moments in the history of life on the earth occurred: when fish possessing lungs and muscular fins evolved into the first tetrapods.
• While other fish rely upon gills to breathe, lungfish also possess a pair of lung-like organs.
• It lives in oxygen-starved, swampy environs of the Amazon and Parana-Paraguay River basins, and supplements the oxygen gotten from the water by breathing in oxygen from the air.

Q1: What is Genome sequencing?

Genome sequencing is the process of determining the DNA sequence of an organism’s genome. A genome is a complete set of DNA that contains all of the genes of an organism. Genome sequencing involves figuring out the order of bases in an organism’s entire genome.

Source: South American lungfish has largest genome of any animal