List of Top 10 Countries Of Production And Reserves of Cobalt

In 2025, cobalt stands as one of the most critical minerals powering the global shift towards clean energy. As the world races toward electric mobility and large-scale renewable energy adoption, cobalt has become indispensable especially for its role in lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles (EVs), portable electronics, and energy storage systems.

With global demand surging, nations are keenly focused on securing cobalt supplies, both through partnerships and by tapping into reserves. Understanding which countries lead in cobalt production and reserves is key to predicting future market stability, trade routes, and technological growth.

Why Is Cobalt Important?

Cobalt is a transition metal vital in high-performance batteries due to its thermal stability and energy density. While substitutes are being explored, it remains a non-negotiable element in battery chemistry, aerospace alloys, and strategic military technologies. As clean energy transitions accelerate, the spotlight on cobalt-producing nations grows stronger.

Top 10 Countries by Cobalt Production and Reserves (2025)

The list below is based on 2024 data published in the Statistical Review of World Energy 2025, outlining both production figures (in thousand tonnes) and estimated reserves.

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Top 10 Countries by Cobalt Production and Reserves Important Facts

• Over 74% of production and the highest reserves indicate its centrality in the cobalt value chain.
• Countries like Australia and Cuba have large reserves but relatively lower production, indicating future potential.
• Nations such as the Philippines, Australia, and New Caledonia are seeing production declines, either due to regulatory issues, depletion, or market constraints.
• Despite low mining activity, China’s control over refining and battery production makes it one of the most influential cobalt players globally.

Cobalt Market Challenges

1. Human rights violations and unsafe labor conditions in certain regions (especially DR Congo) are raising ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) red flags.
2. Geopolitical tensions and over-dependence on a single producer threaten global supply security.
3. Mining often leads to water pollution, deforestation, and habitat loss, calling for more sustainable practices.
4. Companies are investing in cobalt-free battery technologies, though commercial viability is still evolving.