Practice the Daily UPSC Quiz by Vajiram & Ravi to increase your current affairs and concept clarity. Ideal for UPSC Prelims and Mains 2025 preparation. Stay updated, revise smarter, and track your progress.
The Daily UPSC Quiz by Vajiram & Ravi is a thoughtfully curated initiative designed to support UPSC aspirants in strengthening their current affairs knowledge and core conceptual understanding. Aligned with the UPSC Syllabus 2025, this daily quiz serves as a revision resource, helping candidates assess their preparation, revise key topics, and stay updated with relevant issues. Whether you are preparing for Prelims or sharpening your revision for Mains, consistent practice with these Daily UPSC Quiz can significantly enhance accuracy, speed, and confidence in solving exam-level questions.
UPSC Daily Quiz 13 November 2025
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The Daily UPSC Quiz by Vajiram & Ravi is a thoughtfully curated initiative designed to support UPSC aspirants in strengthening their current affairs knowledge and core conceptual understanding. Aligned with the UPSC Syllabus 2025, this daily quiz serves as a revision resource, helping candidates assess their preparation, revise key topics, and stay updated with relevant issues. Whether you are preparing for Prelims or sharpening your revision for Mains, consistent practice with these Daily UPSC Quiz can significantly enhance accuracy, speed, and confidence in solving exam-level questions
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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
1 points
Pilibhit Tiger Reserve lies in which state?
Correct
Answer: b
Explanation:
A 45-year-old farmer was recently killed in a suspected tiger attack near the Barahi range of Pilibhit Tiger Reserve.
About Pilibhit Tiger Reserve:
It is situated in the Pilibhit district and Shahjahanpur district of Uttar Pradesh, forming part of the Terai Arc Landscape, in the upper Gangetic Plain Biogeographic Province.
It lies along the India-Nepal border in the foothills of the Himalayas.
The total area of the reserve is 730 sq.km., inclusive of a 602 sq.km. core zone.
Rivers: The river Gomti originates from the PTR, which is also the catchment of several others like Sharda, Chuka, and Mala Khannot.
Habitat: The habitat is characterized by dense sal forests and tall alluvial grasslands, savannahs, and impenetrable swamps, maintained by periodic flooding from rivers.
The Sharda Sagar Dam, extending up to a length of 22 km, is on the boundary of the reserve.
It has a dry and hot climate, which brings a combination of dry teak forest and Vindhya Mountain soils.
Vegetation: Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests, Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests, Seasonal Swamp Forests and Tropical Semi-evergreen Forests are the major forest types found in the reserve.
Flora:
The sal woodland is very dense with good natural regeneration, amounting to almost 76% of the reserve area.
The forest patches are interspersed with grass meadows with several species like Sacchrum, Sclerostachya, Imperata, Themeda, Bothriochloa, Vetiveria, Apluda, Dichanthium, Digitaria and Cyperus.
Fauna:
It is home to a myriad of wild animals, including the endangered tiger, swamp deer, Bengal florican, hog deer, leopard,
The rich bird life in Pilibhit includes species like Swamp Francolin, Great Hornbill, Bengal Florican, Lesser Florican, Black Francolin, Jungle Bush Quail, Red Junglefowl, Asian Openbill, etc.
A 45-year-old farmer was recently killed in a suspected tiger attack near the Barahi range of Pilibhit Tiger Reserve.
About Pilibhit Tiger Reserve:
It is situated in the Pilibhit district and Shahjahanpur district of Uttar Pradesh, forming part of the Terai Arc Landscape, in the upper Gangetic Plain Biogeographic Province.
It lies along the India-Nepal border in the foothills of the Himalayas.
The total area of the reserve is 730 sq.km., inclusive of a 602 sq.km. core zone.
Rivers: The river Gomti originates from the PTR, which is also the catchment of several others like Sharda, Chuka, and Mala Khannot.
Habitat: The habitat is characterized by dense sal forests and tall alluvial grasslands, savannahs, and impenetrable swamps, maintained by periodic flooding from rivers.
The Sharda Sagar Dam, extending up to a length of 22 km, is on the boundary of the reserve.
It has a dry and hot climate, which brings a combination of dry teak forest and Vindhya Mountain soils.
Vegetation: Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests, Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests, Seasonal Swamp Forests and Tropical Semi-evergreen Forests are the major forest types found in the reserve.
Flora:
The sal woodland is very dense with good natural regeneration, amounting to almost 76% of the reserve area.
The forest patches are interspersed with grass meadows with several species like Sacchrum, Sclerostachya, Imperata, Themeda, Bothriochloa, Vetiveria, Apluda, Dichanthium, Digitaria and Cyperus.
Fauna:
It is home to a myriad of wild animals, including the endangered tiger, swamp deer, Bengal florican, hog deer, leopard,
The rich bird life in Pilibhit includes species like Swamp Francolin, Great Hornbill, Bengal Florican, Lesser Florican, Black Francolin, Jungle Bush Quail, Red Junglefowl, Asian Openbill, etc.
Consider the following statements regarding Vitamin D:
It is a fat-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in a few foods.
It is also produced in the human body when ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight strike the skin and trigger vitamin D synthesis.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: c
Explanation:
Personalized vitamin D dosing, guided by regular blood monitoring, significantly reduced recurrent heart attacks by 52% in a recent trial.
About Vitamin D:
Vitamin D (also referred to as calciferol) is a fat-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in a few foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement.
It is also produced endogenously when ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight strike the skin and trigger vitamin D synthesis.
During periods of sunlight, vitamin D is stored in fat and then released when sunlight is not available.
Very few foods have vitamin D naturally. The foods with the most are fatty fish (like salmon and tuna), liver, mushrooms, eggs, and fish oils.
Kids don’t eat these foods a lot. That’s why food companies often “fortify” milk, yogurt, baby formula, juice, cereal, and other foods with added vitamin D.
The amount of vitamin D you need each day depends on your age.
Why is Vitamin D so important?
Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption and helps maintain adequate levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood, which is necessary for healthy bones and teeth.
Without sufficient vitamin D, bones can become thin, brittle, or misshapen.
Vitamin D has other roles in the body, including reduction of inflammation as well as modulation of such processes as cell growth, neuromuscular and immune function, and glucose metabolism.
Vitamin D Deficiency:
A lack of vitamin D can lead to bone diseases such as osteoporosis or rickets. Osteoporosis is a disease in which your bones become weak and are likely to fracture (break).
With chronic and/or severe vitamin D deficiency, a decline in calcium and phosphorus absorption by your intestines leads to hypocalcemia (low calcium levels in your blood).
This leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism (overactive parathyroid glands attempting to keep blood calcium levels normal).
Both hypocalcemia and hyperparathyroidism, if severe, can cause symptoms, including muscle weakness and cramps, fatigue, and depression.
Anyone can have vitamin D deficiency, including infants, children and adults.
Vitamin D deficiency may be more common in people with higher skin melanin content (darker skin) and who wear clothing with extensive skin coverage, particularly in Middle Eastern countries.
Personalized vitamin D dosing, guided by regular blood monitoring, significantly reduced recurrent heart attacks by 52% in a recent trial.
About Vitamin D:
Vitamin D (also referred to as calciferol) is a fat-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in a few foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement.
It is also produced endogenously when ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight strike the skin and trigger vitamin D synthesis.
During periods of sunlight, vitamin D is stored in fat and then released when sunlight is not available.
Very few foods have vitamin D naturally. The foods with the most are fatty fish (like salmon and tuna), liver, mushrooms, eggs, and fish oils.
Kids don’t eat these foods a lot. That’s why food companies often “fortify” milk, yogurt, baby formula, juice, cereal, and other foods with added vitamin D.
The amount of vitamin D you need each day depends on your age.
Why is Vitamin D so important?
Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption and helps maintain adequate levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood, which is necessary for healthy bones and teeth.
Without sufficient vitamin D, bones can become thin, brittle, or misshapen.
Vitamin D has other roles in the body, including reduction of inflammation as well as modulation of such processes as cell growth, neuromuscular and immune function, and glucose metabolism.
Vitamin D Deficiency:
A lack of vitamin D can lead to bone diseases such as osteoporosis or rickets. Osteoporosis is a disease in which your bones become weak and are likely to fracture (break).
With chronic and/or severe vitamin D deficiency, a decline in calcium and phosphorus absorption by your intestines leads to hypocalcemia (low calcium levels in your blood).
This leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism (overactive parathyroid glands attempting to keep blood calcium levels normal).
Both hypocalcemia and hyperparathyroidism, if severe, can cause symptoms, including muscle weakness and cramps, fatigue, and depression.
Anyone can have vitamin D deficiency, including infants, children and adults.
Vitamin D deficiency may be more common in people with higher skin melanin content (darker skin) and who wear clothing with extensive skin coverage, particularly in Middle Eastern countries.
Consider the following statements regarding Motor neuron disease (MND), recently seen in the news:
It primarily affects the digestive system.
There’s no cure for MND.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: b
Explanation:
Scientists recently developed a breakthrough therapy that clears toxic proteins from nerve cells—a discovery that could transform the treatment of motor neuron disease (MND).
About Motor neuron disease (MND):
It is a rare condition that progressively damages parts of the nervous system.
This leads to muscle weakness, often with visible wasting.
MND is also called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Lou Gehrig’s disease.
Cause:
MND happens when specialist nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, called motor neurones, stop working properly and die prematurely. This is known as neurodegeneration.
Motor neurons instruct the muscles to move by passing on signals from the brain.
They play a role in both conscious and automatic movements, such as swallowing and breathing.
As MND progresses, it can become more difficult to do some or all of these activities.
Messages can no longer travel between your brain and muscles. This causes your muscles to become weaker and weaker. This eventually causes paralysis.
Generally, MND is believed to be caused by a combination of environmental, lifestyle, and genetic factors.
20% of cases are linked to genetic causes. Half of genetic cases will be in people who have a family history of MND.
Adults of any age can get motor neurone disease (MND), but it usually affects people over the age of 50.
Symptoms:
The symptoms of MND start gradually over weeks and months.
They tend to appear on one side of the body first and get progressively worse.
MND often begins with weakness of the muscles in the hands, feet, or voice, although it can start in different areas of the body and progress in different patterns and at different rates.
People with MND become increasingly disabled.
Average life expectancy after diagnosis is one to five years, with 10 percent of people with MND living 10 years or more.
Treatment: There’s no cure for MND, but treatment can help reduce the impact the symptoms have on your life.
Scientists recently developed a breakthrough therapy that clears toxic proteins from nerve cells—a discovery that could transform the treatment of motor neuron disease (MND).
About Motor neuron disease (MND):
It is a rare condition that progressively damages parts of the nervous system.
This leads to muscle weakness, often with visible wasting.
MND is also called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Lou Gehrig’s disease.
Cause:
MND happens when specialist nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, called motor neurones, stop working properly and die prematurely. This is known as neurodegeneration.
Motor neurons instruct the muscles to move by passing on signals from the brain.
They play a role in both conscious and automatic movements, such as swallowing and breathing.
As MND progresses, it can become more difficult to do some or all of these activities.
Messages can no longer travel between your brain and muscles. This causes your muscles to become weaker and weaker. This eventually causes paralysis.
Generally, MND is believed to be caused by a combination of environmental, lifestyle, and genetic factors.
20% of cases are linked to genetic causes. Half of genetic cases will be in people who have a family history of MND.
Adults of any age can get motor neurone disease (MND), but it usually affects people over the age of 50.
Symptoms:
The symptoms of MND start gradually over weeks and months.
They tend to appear on one side of the body first and get progressively worse.
MND often begins with weakness of the muscles in the hands, feet, or voice, although it can start in different areas of the body and progress in different patterns and at different rates.
People with MND become increasingly disabled.
Average life expectancy after diagnosis is one to five years, with 10 percent of people with MND living 10 years or more.
Treatment: There’s no cure for MND, but treatment can help reduce the impact the symptoms have on your life.
According to the Rare Earth Hypothesis, what kind of life is believed to be abundant in the universe?
Correct
Answer: c
Explanation:
New insights from exoplanet studies revive and reshape the debate over the Rare Earth Hypothesis.
About Rare Earth Hypothesis:
The Rare Earth hypothesis posits that the emergence of complex life on planets outside Earth is highly unlikely due to a unique combination of specific conditions required for such life to thrive.
Proposed by paleontologist Peter Ward and astronomer Donald Brownlee in 2000, the hypothesis suggests that while microbial life may be abundant throughout the universe, the prerequisites for complex organisms are exceedingly rare.
Key factors influencing the probability of complex life include the planet’s location within its galaxy, the type and distance of its star, geological characteristics like size and tectonic activity, and the presence of a large moon.
This perspective contrasts sharply with the principle of mediocrity, which suggests that Earth is just one of many planets capable of supporting complex life.
The Rare Earth hypothesis provides insight into the Fermi paradox—highlighting why, despite the vastness of the universe, intelligent life has yet to make contact with humanity.
By analyzing the requirements for both astronomical and biological conditions, the hypothesis concludes that the chance of finding another planet with complex life is minimal.
If validated, this view could reposition Earth from being a typical planet to one characterized as extraordinarily special in the context of the universe.
New insights from exoplanet studies revive and reshape the debate over the Rare Earth Hypothesis.
About Rare Earth Hypothesis:
The Rare Earth hypothesis posits that the emergence of complex life on planets outside Earth is highly unlikely due to a unique combination of specific conditions required for such life to thrive.
Proposed by paleontologist Peter Ward and astronomer Donald Brownlee in 2000, the hypothesis suggests that while microbial life may be abundant throughout the universe, the prerequisites for complex organisms are exceedingly rare.
Key factors influencing the probability of complex life include the planet’s location within its galaxy, the type and distance of its star, geological characteristics like size and tectonic activity, and the presence of a large moon.
This perspective contrasts sharply with the principle of mediocrity, which suggests that Earth is just one of many planets capable of supporting complex life.
The Rare Earth hypothesis provides insight into the Fermi paradox—highlighting why, despite the vastness of the universe, intelligent life has yet to make contact with humanity.
By analyzing the requirements for both astronomical and biological conditions, the hypothesis concludes that the chance of finding another planet with complex life is minimal.
If validated, this view could reposition Earth from being a typical planet to one characterized as extraordinarily special in the context of the universe.
What is the DRISHTI system, recently seen in the news?
Correct
Answer: b
Explanation:
The Indian Railways is planning to install a new AI-based Locking Monitoring System called – ‘DRISHTI’.
About DRISHTI System:
It is an AI-Based Freight Wagon Locking Monitoring System.
The Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR) joined hands with the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Technology Innovation and Development Foundation (IITG TIDF) to develop the system.
The DRISHTI system aims to tackle operational challenges in identifying unlocked or tampered doors on moving freight wagons — a persistent safety and security issue in rail logistics.
The new AI-based solution is designed to provide real-time monitoring, detect anomalies in door locking mechanisms, and automatically generate alerts without disrupting train movement.
It uses AI-powered cameras and sensors strategically installed to capture and analyse door positions and locking conditions.
It uses advanced computer vision and machine learning technology for the detection purposes.
DRISHTI is expected to improve freight security, enhance wagon sealing integrity, and reduce dependency on manual inspection processes.
Plans are underway to further refine and scale the system for wider adoption across NFR’s freight corridors after successful completion of ongoing trials.
The Indian Railways is planning to install a new AI-based Locking Monitoring System called – ‘DRISHTI’.
About DRISHTI System:
It is an AI-Based Freight Wagon Locking Monitoring System.
The Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR) joined hands with the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Technology Innovation and Development Foundation (IITG TIDF) to develop the system.
The DRISHTI system aims to tackle operational challenges in identifying unlocked or tampered doors on moving freight wagons — a persistent safety and security issue in rail logistics.
The new AI-based solution is designed to provide real-time monitoring, detect anomalies in door locking mechanisms, and automatically generate alerts without disrupting train movement.
It uses AI-powered cameras and sensors strategically installed to capture and analyse door positions and locking conditions.
It uses advanced computer vision and machine learning technology for the detection purposes.
DRISHTI is expected to improve freight security, enhance wagon sealing integrity, and reduce dependency on manual inspection processes.
Plans are underway to further refine and scale the system for wider adoption across NFR’s freight corridors after successful completion of ongoing trials.
Consider the following statements regarding Himalayan Black Bear:
It prefers heavily forested and coniferous forest habitat.
It is categorized as vulnerable species under the IUCN Red List.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: c
Explanation:
Recently, wildlife experts in Uttarakhand raised concern that Himalayan Black bears (Ursus thibetanus laniger) are turning aggressive as erratic weather disrupts their hibernation patterns.
It is a subspecies of the Asian black bear.
It is a large forest-dwelling bear of the Himalayas, also called Asiatic black bear or Moon bear.
Distribution of Himalayan Black Bear:
They are mainly found in the Himalayas, in Tibet, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and China.
In India, they are found throughout the Himalayas, from Jammu & Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh, and in hilly regions of other north- eastern states.
Habitat: It prefers heavily forested, broadleaved, and coniferous forests as habitat.
Characteristics ofHimalayan Black Bear:
Appearance: It has soft and shiny hair, with a white V patch on their chest.
Life span:25 to 30 years in the wild.
Diet: They are omnivorous creatures their diet consists of acorns, nuts, fruit, honey, roots, and various insects such as termites and beetle larvae.
Behaviour: It is naturally diurnal but many are largely nocturnal in order to avoid contact with humans.
Recently, wildlife experts in Uttarakhand raised concern that Himalayan Black bears (Ursus thibetanus laniger) are turning aggressive as erratic weather disrupts their hibernation patterns.
It is a subspecies of the Asian black bear.
It is a large forest-dwelling bear of the Himalayas, also called Asiatic black bear or Moon bear.
Distribution of Himalayan Black Bear:
They are mainly found in the Himalayas, in Tibet, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and China.
In India, they are found throughout the Himalayas, from Jammu & Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh, and in hilly regions of other north- eastern states.
Habitat: It prefers heavily forested, broadleaved, and coniferous forests as habitat.
Characteristics ofHimalayan Black Bear:
Appearance: It has soft and shiny hair, with a white V patch on their chest.
Life span:25 to 30 years in the wild.
Diet: They are omnivorous creatures their diet consists of acorns, nuts, fruit, honey, roots, and various insects such as termites and beetle larvae.
Behaviour: It is naturally diurnal but many are largely nocturnal in order to avoid contact with humans.
Consider the following statements regarding the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Authority:
It is a statutory body which maintenance the national register of plant varieties.
It works under the union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: a
Explanation:
Recently, the Union Agriculture Minister at the 21st Foundation Day of the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Authority said that the Plant Variety and Farmers’ Rights Protection Authority Act will be amended.
It is a statutory body established on 11 November, 2005 under the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act, 2001.
It works under the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, Government of India.
Objectives:
Grant intellectual property rights to plant breeders for their innovations in developing new plant varieties
Recognise and reward farmers and communities who conserve traditional varieties and biodiversity
Promote the protection of farmers’ rights to save, use, sow, resow, exchange, share, and sell farm-saved seed of registered varieties
Encourage research and innovation in plant breeding and agriculture
Maintain the National Register of Plant Varieties (NRPV) and ensure the documentation and conservation of valuable germplasm resources
Structure oftheProtection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Authority
The Chairperson is the Chief Executive of the Authority.
Members: It has 15 members, as notified by the Government of India (GOI).
Eight of them are ex-officio members representing various Departments/ Ministries,
Three from SAUs and the State Governments
One representative each for farmers, tribal organization, seed industry and women organization associated with agricultural activities are nominated by the Central Government.
The Registrar General is the ex-officio Member Secretary of the Authority.
Functions of the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Authority
Registration of new plant varieties, essentially derived varieties (EDV), extant varieties;
Compulsory cataloging facilities for all variety of plants;
Preservation of plant genetic resources of economic plants and their wild relatives;
Maintenance of the National Register of Plant Varieties and National Gene Bank
Recently, the Union Agriculture Minister at the 21st Foundation Day of the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Authority said that the Plant Variety and Farmers’ Rights Protection Authority Act will be amended.
It is a statutory body established on 11 November, 2005 under the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act, 2001.
It works under the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, Government of India.
Objectives:
Grant intellectual property rights to plant breeders for their innovations in developing new plant varieties
Recognise and reward farmers and communities who conserve traditional varieties and biodiversity
Promote the protection of farmers’ rights to save, use, sow, resow, exchange, share, and sell farm-saved seed of registered varieties
Encourage research and innovation in plant breeding and agriculture
Maintain the National Register of Plant Varieties (NRPV) and ensure the documentation and conservation of valuable germplasm resources
Structure oftheProtection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Authority
The Chairperson is the Chief Executive of the Authority.
Members: It has 15 members, as notified by the Government of India (GOI).
Eight of them are ex-officio members representing various Departments/ Ministries,
Three from SAUs and the State Governments
One representative each for farmers, tribal organization, seed industry and women organization associated with agricultural activities are nominated by the Central Government.
The Registrar General is the ex-officio Member Secretary of the Authority.
Functions of the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Authority
Registration of new plant varieties, essentially derived varieties (EDV), extant varieties;
Compulsory cataloging facilities for all variety of plants;
Preservation of plant genetic resources of economic plants and their wild relatives;
Maintenance of the National Register of Plant Varieties and National Gene Bank
Consider the following statements regarding Export Promotion Mission:
It consolidates export support schemes such as the Interest Equalisation Scheme (IES) and Market Access Initiative.
It is implemented by the Directorate General of Foreign Trade.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: c
Explanation:
Recently, the union cabinet has approved the Export Promotion Mission (EPM) which was announced in the Union Budget 2025–26.
It is a flagship initiative to strengthen India’s export competitiveness, particularly for MSMEs, first-time exporters, and labour-intensive sectors.
Features of Export Promotion Mission:
It will provide a comprehensive, flexible, and digitally driven framework for export promotion.
Time Period and Funding:25,060 crore for FY 2025–26 to FY 2030–31.
It marks a strategic shift from multiple fragmented schemes to a single, outcome-based, and adaptive mechanism.
Collaborative framework: It involves the Department of Commerce, Ministry of MSME, Ministry of Finance, and other key stakeholders.
It consolidates key export support schemes such as the Interest Equalisation Scheme (IES) and Market Access Initiative (MAI), aligning them with contemporary trade needs.
Under EPM, priority support will be extended to sectors impacted by recent global tariff escalations, such as textiles, leather, gems & jewellery, engineering goods, and marine products.
Implementing Agency: The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT)
Sub-schemes Under Export Promotion Mission
NIRYAT PROTSAHAN:
It focuses on improving access to affordable trade finance for MSMEs through a range of instruments such as interest subvention, export factoring, collateral guarantees etc.
NIRYAT DISHA:
It focuses on non-financial enablers that enhance market readiness and competitiveness, including export quality and compliance support, assistance for international branding etc.
Recently, the union cabinet has approved the Export Promotion Mission (EPM) which was announced in the Union Budget 2025–26.
It is a flagship initiative to strengthen India’s export competitiveness, particularly for MSMEs, first-time exporters, and labour-intensive sectors.
Features of Export Promotion Mission:
It will provide a comprehensive, flexible, and digitally driven framework for export promotion.
Time Period and Funding:25,060 crore for FY 2025–26 to FY 2030–31.
It marks a strategic shift from multiple fragmented schemes to a single, outcome-based, and adaptive mechanism.
Collaborative framework: It involves the Department of Commerce, Ministry of MSME, Ministry of Finance, and other key stakeholders.
It consolidates key export support schemes such as the Interest Equalisation Scheme (IES) and Market Access Initiative (MAI), aligning them with contemporary trade needs.
Under EPM, priority support will be extended to sectors impacted by recent global tariff escalations, such as textiles, leather, gems & jewellery, engineering goods, and marine products.
Implementing Agency: The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT)
Sub-schemes Under Export Promotion Mission
NIRYAT PROTSAHAN:
It focuses on improving access to affordable trade finance for MSMEs through a range of instruments such as interest subvention, export factoring, collateral guarantees etc.
NIRYAT DISHA:
It focuses on non-financial enablers that enhance market readiness and competitiveness, including export quality and compliance support, assistance for international branding etc.
Ans. The Daily UPSC Quiz is a set of practice questions based on current affairs, static subjects, and PYQs that help aspirants enhance retention and test conceptual clarity regularly.
Q2. How is the Daily Quiz useful for UPSC preparation?+
Ans. Daily quizzes support learning, help in revision, improve time management, and boost accuracy for both UPSC Prelims and Mains through consistent practice.
Q3. Are the quiz questions based on the UPSC syllabus?+
Ans. Yes, all questions are aligned with the UPSC Syllabus 2025, covering key areas like Polity, Economy, Environment, History, Geography, and Current Affairs.
Q4. Are solutions and explanations provided with the quiz?+
Ans. Yes, each quiz includes detailed explanations and source references to enhance conceptual understanding and enable self-assessment.
Q5. Is the Daily UPSC Quiz suitable for both Prelims and Mains?+
Ans. Primarily focused on Prelims (MCQ format), but it also indirectly helps in Mains by strengthening subject knowledge and factual clarity.
At Vajiram & Ravi, our team includes subject experts who have appeared for the UPSC Mains and the Interview stage. With their deep understanding of the exam, they create content that is clear, to the point, reliable, and helpful for aspirants.Their aim is to make even difficult topics easy to understand and directly useful for your UPSC preparation—whether it’s for Current Affairs, General Studies, or Optional subjects. Every note, article, or test is designed to save your time and boost your performance.
