Practice the Daily UPSC Quiz by Vajiram & Ravi to increase your current affairs and concept clarity. Ideal for UPSC Prelims and Mains 2025 preparation. Stay updated, revise smarter, and track your progress.
The Daily UPSC Quiz by Vajiram & Ravi is a thoughtfully curated initiative designed to support UPSC aspirants in strengthening their current affairs knowledge and core conceptual understanding. Aligned with the UPSC Syllabus 2025, this daily quiz serves as a revision resource, helping candidates assess their preparation, revise key topics, and stay updated with relevant issues. Whether you are preparing for Prelims or sharpening your revision for Mains, consistent practice with these Daily UPSC Quiz can significantly enhance accuracy, speed, and confidence in solving exam-level questions.
UPSC Daily Quiz 21 February 2026
Time limit: 0
Quiz-summary
0 of 10 questions completed
Questions:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Information
Vajiram & Ravi’s Daily UPSC Quiz is designed to help aspirants strengthen their preparation by focusing on current affairs and concepts from the UPSC Syllabus 2026 for both Prelims & Mains. It allows candidates to revise important topics while regularly assessing their understanding and progress. Practicing these quizzes daily can improve accuracy, speed, and problem-solving skills. This consistent practice also enhances confidence in tackling exam-level questions. Overall, it is a valuable tool for both UPSC Prelims preparation and Mains revision.
You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.
Quiz is loading...
You must sign in or sign up to start the quiz.
You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:
Your result has been entered into leaderboard
Loading
Results
0 of 10 questions answered correctly
Your time:
Time has elapsed
You have reached 0 of 0 points, (0)
Average score
Your score
Categories
Not categorized0%
maximum of 10 points
Pos.
Name
Entered on
Points
Result
Table is loading
No data available
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Answered
Review
Question 1 of 10
1. Question
1 points
Which among the following best describes INS Krishna, recently seen in the news?
Correct
Answer: d
Explanation:
Indian naval cadets will now get to train aboard dedicated “floating classrooms” as the Indian Navy has commissioned ‘INS Krishna’, the first of three indigenously built cadet training ships (CTS).
About INS Krishna:
It is the first of three indigenously built cadet training ships (CTS) of the Indian Navy.
These CTS will be utilised for training officer cadets, including women, at sea after their basic training ashore, and cadets from friendly foreign countries.
These vessels function as “floating classrooms and living labs”, offering hands-on instruction in navigation, seamanship, and watch-keeping under real maritime conditions.
Designated Yard 18003, INS Krishna, was constructed at the L&T shipyard in Kattupalli near Chennai.
Apart from serving as a training platform, the ship is designed to undertake non-combatant evacuations, humanitarian aid and disaster relief, and search-and-rescue operations.
INS Krishna can simultaneously accommodate 20 officers, 150 sailors, and 200 cadets.
The vessel features three classrooms with a capacity of 70 cadets each, along with a specialised training bridge and chart room.
Displacing nearly 4,700 tonnes, it can achieve speeds of up to 20 knots and has an endurance of 60 days.
Indian naval cadets will now get to train aboard dedicated “floating classrooms” as the Indian Navy has commissioned ‘INS Krishna’, the first of three indigenously built cadet training ships (CTS).
About INS Krishna:
It is the first of three indigenously built cadet training ships (CTS) of the Indian Navy.
These CTS will be utilised for training officer cadets, including women, at sea after their basic training ashore, and cadets from friendly foreign countries.
These vessels function as “floating classrooms and living labs”, offering hands-on instruction in navigation, seamanship, and watch-keeping under real maritime conditions.
Designated Yard 18003, INS Krishna, was constructed at the L&T shipyard in Kattupalli near Chennai.
Apart from serving as a training platform, the ship is designed to undertake non-combatant evacuations, humanitarian aid and disaster relief, and search-and-rescue operations.
INS Krishna can simultaneously accommodate 20 officers, 150 sailors, and 200 cadets.
The vessel features three classrooms with a capacity of 70 cadets each, along with a specialised training bridge and chart room.
Displacing nearly 4,700 tonnes, it can achieve speeds of up to 20 knots and has an endurance of 60 days.
Consider the following statements regarding the Ottawa Convention, recently seen in the news:
It prohibits the use, stockpiling, production, and transfer of anti-personnel landmines (APLs).
India is a party to the convention.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: a
Explanation:
Poland’s withdrawal from the Ottawa Convention, as announced by the Prime Minister recently, is a strategic maneuver that allows the country to deploy anti-personnel mines swiftly along its eastern borders if necessary.
About Ottawa Convention:
The Ottawa Convention, also referred to as the “Mine Ban Treaty,” prohibits the use, stockpiling, production, and transfer of anti-personnel landmines (APLs).
It requires states-parties to destroy their stockpiled APLs within four years and eliminate all APL holdings, including mines currently planted in the soil, within 10 years.
Countries may request a renewable extension, which can be up to 10 years long, to fulfill their destruction obligations.
States-parties are also required annually to report their total APL stockpiles, the technical characteristics of their APLs, the location of all mined areas, and the status of APL destruction programs.
The convention, which is of unlimited duration and open to all nations, entered into force on March 1, 1999.
The Treaty has 164 States Parties, including 34 out of the 50 States that produced mines before 1997, and 33 Signatories.
However, six major countries remain outside the Convention: China, India, Pakistan, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation and United States.
States Party to the Ottawa Treaty commit to
Never use APLs, nor “develop, produce, otherwise acquire, stockpile, retain, or transfer” them;
Clear mined areas in their territory within 10 years;
In mine-affected countries, conduct mine risk education and ensure that mine survivors, their families, and communities receive comprehensive assistance;
Offer assistance to other States Parties, for example, in providing for survivors or contributing to clearance programs;
Adopt national implementation measures (such as national legislation) in order to ensure that the terms of the treaty are upheld in their territory.
Poland’s withdrawal from the Ottawa Convention, as announced by the Prime Minister recently, is a strategic maneuver that allows the country to deploy anti-personnel mines swiftly along its eastern borders if necessary.
About Ottawa Convention:
The Ottawa Convention, also referred to as the “Mine Ban Treaty,” prohibits the use, stockpiling, production, and transfer of anti-personnel landmines (APLs).
It requires states-parties to destroy their stockpiled APLs within four years and eliminate all APL holdings, including mines currently planted in the soil, within 10 years.
Countries may request a renewable extension, which can be up to 10 years long, to fulfill their destruction obligations.
States-parties are also required annually to report their total APL stockpiles, the technical characteristics of their APLs, the location of all mined areas, and the status of APL destruction programs.
The convention, which is of unlimited duration and open to all nations, entered into force on March 1, 1999.
The Treaty has 164 States Parties, including 34 out of the 50 States that produced mines before 1997, and 33 Signatories.
However, six major countries remain outside the Convention: China, India, Pakistan, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation and United States.
States Party to the Ottawa Treaty commit to
Never use APLs, nor “develop, produce, otherwise acquire, stockpile, retain, or transfer” them;
Clear mined areas in their territory within 10 years;
In mine-affected countries, conduct mine risk education and ensure that mine survivors, their families, and communities receive comprehensive assistance;
Offer assistance to other States Parties, for example, in providing for survivors or contributing to clearance programs;
Adopt national implementation measures (such as national legislation) in order to ensure that the terms of the treaty are upheld in their territory.
The Bhavani River is a tributary of which of the following rivers?
Correct
Answer: c
Explanation:
An RTI activist recently filed an online petition to the Prime Minister’s Office seeking criminal, departmental, and regulatory action against officials responsible for the pollution of the Bhavani river.
About Bhavani River:
It is a major tributary of the Cauvery
It flows through the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
It is the second largest river in Tamil Nadu.
Course:
The Bhavani River starts its journey in the Nilgiri hills, which are part of the Western Ghats mountain range.
From there, it flows into Kerala, passing through the beautiful Silent Valley National Park.
After flowing through Kerala, the river turns and flows back into Tamil Nadu.
Finally, the river merges with the Cauvery River in the town of Bhavani, at a location known as Bhavani Sangameshwarar Temple, a significant pilgrimage site for Hindus.
Total Length: 217 km.
It is a “perennial” river, which means it flows all year round and never dries up.
The drainage basin of the Bhavani River spans approximately 6,200 sq.km., covering parts of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka:
About 90 percent of the river water is used for agriculture.
Tributaries: The largest tributaries of the Bhavani River are West and East Varagar, which come from the Nilgiris.
An RTI activist recently filed an online petition to the Prime Minister’s Office seeking criminal, departmental, and regulatory action against officials responsible for the pollution of the Bhavani river.
About Bhavani River:
It is a major tributary of the Cauvery
It flows through the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
It is the second largest river in Tamil Nadu.
Course:
The Bhavani River starts its journey in the Nilgiri hills, which are part of the Western Ghats mountain range.
From there, it flows into Kerala, passing through the beautiful Silent Valley National Park.
After flowing through Kerala, the river turns and flows back into Tamil Nadu.
Finally, the river merges with the Cauvery River in the town of Bhavani, at a location known as Bhavani Sangameshwarar Temple, a significant pilgrimage site for Hindus.
Total Length: 217 km.
It is a “perennial” river, which means it flows all year round and never dries up.
The drainage basin of the Bhavani River spans approximately 6,200 sq.km., covering parts of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka:
About 90 percent of the river water is used for agriculture.
Tributaries: The largest tributaries of the Bhavani River are West and East Varagar, which come from the Nilgiris.
New aquaculture tanks have reportedly been dug in parts of the Kolleru Wildlife Sanctuary, where illegal tanks were demolished recently as part of an encroachment drive undertaken following the Supreme Court orders.
About Kolleru Wildlife Sanctuary:
It is a significant wetland sanctuary located in the West Godavari and Krishna districts of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
It was established in November 1999, under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972.
The sanctuary covers around 308 sq.km. of wetlands and marshes that provide a vital habitat for diverse flora and fauna.
The sanctuary protects part of the Kolleru Lake wetland, which gained Ramsar Convention for International importance in 2002.
The lake is fed directly by the seasonal Budameru and Tammileru rivers and is connected to the Krishna and Godavari systems by 67 inflowing drains and channels.
It is a crucial wetland ecosystem and serves as a stopover point for migratory birds.
Flora: The sanctuary’s flora includes various aquatic plants, submerged macrophytes, and wetland vegetation that provide essential food and shelter for the diverse bird species.
Fauna:
It is home to more than 150 species of resident and migratory birds.
Commonly found birds in the sanctuary are: little egret, cattle egret, pied kingfisher, small blue kingfisher, blackcapped kingfisher, pond heron, reef heron, grey heron, night heron, etc.
New aquaculture tanks have reportedly been dug in parts of the Kolleru Wildlife Sanctuary, where illegal tanks were demolished recently as part of an encroachment drive undertaken following the Supreme Court orders.
About Kolleru Wildlife Sanctuary:
It is a significant wetland sanctuary located in the West Godavari and Krishna districts of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
It was established in November 1999, under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972.
The sanctuary covers around 308 sq.km. of wetlands and marshes that provide a vital habitat for diverse flora and fauna.
The sanctuary protects part of the Kolleru Lake wetland, which gained Ramsar Convention for International importance in 2002.
The lake is fed directly by the seasonal Budameru and Tammileru rivers and is connected to the Krishna and Godavari systems by 67 inflowing drains and channels.
It is a crucial wetland ecosystem and serves as a stopover point for migratory birds.
Flora: The sanctuary’s flora includes various aquatic plants, submerged macrophytes, and wetland vegetation that provide essential food and shelter for the diverse bird species.
Fauna:
It is home to more than 150 species of resident and migratory birds.
Commonly found birds in the sanctuary are: little egret, cattle egret, pied kingfisher, small blue kingfisher, blackcapped kingfisher, pond heron, reef heron, grey heron, night heron, etc.
Which among the following best describes ‘Arisaema siahaense’, recently seen in the news?
Correct
Answer: c
Explanation:
Researchers recently discovered a new species of Cobra Lily hidden within the rugged, misty mountains of Northeast India.
About Arisaema siahaense:
It is a new species of Cobra Lily.
It was discovered in the Siaha District of Mizoram.
It is an evergreen herb that can grow up to 1.08 meters (about 3.5 feet) tall.
It belongs to a group of plants commonly known as Cobra Lilies because their flowering structure (the spathe) resembles a cobra’s hood.
What makes this specific species unique is its spadix appendix, a long, slender growth that emerges from the flower.
In this new species, the appendix is exceptionally long, reaching up to 21 centimetres, and is covered in brownish-green, hair-like bristles.
Unlike its closest relatives found in China and Southeast Asia, this plant grows from a rounded tuber rather than a creeping rootstock and features leaves divided into exactly three segments.
The plant’s name, siahaense, is a tribute to the Siaha District where it was first found.
Specifically, the naming recognises the commitment of local communities, such as the Kompa family, who have worked tirelessly to preserve the biodiversity of their ancestral lands.
Although it is currently classified as Data Deficient by international standards, the scientists observed that its habitat is under pressure from road construction, grazing animals like goats and mithuns, and the spread of invasive weeds.
Researchers recently discovered a new species of Cobra Lily hidden within the rugged, misty mountains of Northeast India.
About Arisaema siahaense:
It is a new species of Cobra Lily.
It was discovered in the Siaha District of Mizoram.
It is an evergreen herb that can grow up to 1.08 meters (about 3.5 feet) tall.
It belongs to a group of plants commonly known as Cobra Lilies because their flowering structure (the spathe) resembles a cobra’s hood.
What makes this specific species unique is its spadix appendix, a long, slender growth that emerges from the flower.
In this new species, the appendix is exceptionally long, reaching up to 21 centimetres, and is covered in brownish-green, hair-like bristles.
Unlike its closest relatives found in China and Southeast Asia, this plant grows from a rounded tuber rather than a creeping rootstock and features leaves divided into exactly three segments.
The plant’s name, siahaense, is a tribute to the Siaha District where it was first found.
Specifically, the naming recognises the commitment of local communities, such as the Kompa family, who have worked tirelessly to preserve the biodiversity of their ancestral lands.
Although it is currently classified as Data Deficient by international standards, the scientists observed that its habitat is under pressure from road construction, grazing animals like goats and mithuns, and the spread of invasive weeds.
Consider the following statements regarding Gentoo Penguin:
It is found along the coastlines of the Antarctic Peninsula and the Falkland Islands.
It is categorized as critically endangered species under the IUCN Red List.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: a
Explanation:
Recently, Gentoo penguins have become the first bird species confirmed to be infected with H5 avian influenza on an Australian territory.
The Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) is a penguin species in the genus Pygoscelis.
It is most closely related to the Adélie penguin and the Chinstrap penguin.
Habitat: Gentoo penguins typically are found along the shoreline. This allows the penguins to be able to quickly access food while remaining close to their nest.
Distribution: Gentoo penguins are found along the coastlines of the Antarctic Peninsula, sub-Antarctic islands, and the Falkland Islands in the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean.
Characteristics of Gentoo Penguins:
Gentoo penguins are the fastest underwater swimmers of all penguins
It is exclusively found in the Southern Hemisphere between 45 and 65 degrees south latitude.
It is a diurnal and social bird, breeding in colonies and remaining together for the rest of the year.
Recently, Gentoo penguins have become the first bird species confirmed to be infected with H5 avian influenza on an Australian territory.
The Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) is a penguin species in the genus Pygoscelis.
It is most closely related to the Adélie penguin and the Chinstrap penguin.
Habitat: Gentoo penguins typically are found along the shoreline. This allows the penguins to be able to quickly access food while remaining close to their nest.
Distribution: Gentoo penguins are found along the coastlines of the Antarctic Peninsula, sub-Antarctic islands, and the Falkland Islands in the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean.
Characteristics of Gentoo Penguins:
Gentoo penguins are the fastest underwater swimmers of all penguins
It is exclusively found in the Southern Hemisphere between 45 and 65 degrees south latitude.
It is a diurnal and social bird, breeding in colonies and remaining together for the rest of the year.
Consider the following statements regarding National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India:
It is an apex organization of marketing cooperatives for agricultural produce in India.
It works under the Ministry of Commerce and Industries.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: a
Explanation:
Union Minister for Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare held an extensive review meeting of the National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Ltd (NAFED) in New Delhi.
It is an apex organization of marketing cooperatives for agricultural produce in India.
It was founded on 2 October 1958 to promote the trade of agricultural produce and forest resources across the nation.
It is registered under the Multi State Co-operative Societies Act.
It has headquarters in New Delhi, NAFED has four regional offices in Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata.
Objectives:
To organize, promote and develop marketing, processing and storage of agricultural, horticultural and forest produce.
To distribute agricultural machinery, implements and other inputs, undertake inter-state, import and export trade, wholesale or retail as the case may be.
To act and assist for technical advice in agricultural production for the promotion and the working of its members, partners, associates and cooperative marketing, processing and supply societies in India.
Nodal Ministry: It is an apex Organisation under the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India.
Union Minister for Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare held an extensive review meeting of the National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Ltd (NAFED) in New Delhi.
It is an apex organization of marketing cooperatives for agricultural produce in India.
It was founded on 2 October 1958 to promote the trade of agricultural produce and forest resources across the nation.
It is registered under the Multi State Co-operative Societies Act.
It has headquarters in New Delhi, NAFED has four regional offices in Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata.
Objectives:
To organize, promote and develop marketing, processing and storage of agricultural, horticultural and forest produce.
To distribute agricultural machinery, implements and other inputs, undertake inter-state, import and export trade, wholesale or retail as the case may be.
To act and assist for technical advice in agricultural production for the promotion and the working of its members, partners, associates and cooperative marketing, processing and supply societies in India.
Nodal Ministry: It is an apex Organisation under the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India.
Consider the following statements regarding Panama Disease:
It is a devastating disease of bananas.
It is caused by the soil-inhabiting fungus species.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: c
Explanation:
Recently, scientists discovered a gene that could save bananas from deadly Panama disease.
Panama disease is also known as fusarium wilt.
It is a devastating disease of bananas caused by the soil-inhabiting fungus species.
Cause: It is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, which lives in soil and can survive there for many years.
This disease affects the Cavendish variety or the G9 Banana cultivar, which is the most widely grown banana in the world.
Spread: The fungus resides below ground and infects the plant through its roots.
The infection then stops water and essential nutrients from being transported to the rest of the plant.
The disease is so deadly that it is sometimes referred to as ‘banana cancer’.
Symptoms of Panama Disease:
The leaves begin to wilt, and the stem of the plant starts turning dark brownish before the plant dies.
The first external symptom of Panama is the irregular yellowing of the margins of older leaves, which later turn brown and dry out.
These leaves eventually collapse along the leaf stalk or at the junction of the stalk and stem, resulting in a skirt of dead leaves forming around the lower part of the plant.
Recently, scientists discovered a gene that could save bananas from deadly Panama disease.
Panama disease is also known as fusarium wilt.
It is a devastating disease of bananas caused by the soil-inhabiting fungus species.
Cause: It is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, which lives in soil and can survive there for many years.
This disease affects the Cavendish variety or the G9 Banana cultivar, which is the most widely grown banana in the world.
Spread: The fungus resides below ground and infects the plant through its roots.
The infection then stops water and essential nutrients from being transported to the rest of the plant.
The disease is so deadly that it is sometimes referred to as ‘banana cancer’.
Symptoms of Panama Disease:
The leaves begin to wilt, and the stem of the plant starts turning dark brownish before the plant dies.
The first external symptom of Panama is the irregular yellowing of the margins of older leaves, which later turn brown and dry out.
These leaves eventually collapse along the leaf stalk or at the junction of the stalk and stem, resulting in a skirt of dead leaves forming around the lower part of the plant.
It shares its borders with all South American countries except Chile and Ecuador.
It borders the Pacific Ocean.
It is dissected by both the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Answer: b
Explanation:
Recently, the Union Agriculture Minister held bilateral meeting with Brazil counterparts to deepen India–Brazil cooperation in agriculture and allied sectors.
Location: It is located in the central-eastern part of South America.
Bordering Countries: It shares its borders with all South American countries except Chile and Ecuador.
Argentina and Paraguay (Southwest), Bolivia and Peru (West), Columbia (Northwest), and Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana (North).
Bordering Water body: It borders the Atlantic Ocean.
It occupies almost half of the continent’s landmass and is dissected by both the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn.
Capital City: Brasilia
Geographical Features of Brazil:
Major Physiographic Zones: It includes the Brazilian Highlands, the Amazon Rainforest, and the Pantanal Wetlands.
Major Rivers: Amazon, São Francisco River and Iguacu River.
Highest Peak: Pico da Neblina (2,999 m) is Brazil’s tallest mountain.
Natural Resources: It mainly consists of iron ore, tin, copper, pyrochlore and bauxite.
Amazon Basin: It is the world’s largest river basin, spans across Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Bolivia, Guyana, and Suriname.
It is home to the Amazon Rainforest, the largest tropical forest in the world.
Recently, the Union Agriculture Minister held bilateral meeting with Brazil counterparts to deepen India–Brazil cooperation in agriculture and allied sectors.
Location: It is located in the central-eastern part of South America.
Bordering Countries: It shares its borders with all South American countries except Chile and Ecuador.
Argentina and Paraguay (Southwest), Bolivia and Peru (West), Columbia (Northwest), and Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana (North).
Bordering Water body: It borders the Atlantic Ocean.
It occupies almost half of the continent’s landmass and is dissected by both the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn.
Capital City: Brasilia
Geographical Features of Brazil:
Major Physiographic Zones: It includes the Brazilian Highlands, the Amazon Rainforest, and the Pantanal Wetlands.
Major Rivers: Amazon, São Francisco River and Iguacu River.
Highest Peak: Pico da Neblina (2,999 m) is Brazil’s tallest mountain.
Natural Resources: It mainly consists of iron ore, tin, copper, pyrochlore and bauxite.
Amazon Basin: It is the world’s largest river basin, spans across Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Bolivia, Guyana, and Suriname.
It is home to the Amazon Rainforest, the largest tropical forest in the world.
Consider the following statements regarding Tetanus and Adult Diphtheria (Td) Vaccine:
It is prepared by combining purified diphtheria toxoid and purified tetanus toxoid.
It is developed and manufactured by the Central Research Institute.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: c
Explanation:
Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare will launch the Tetanus and Adult Diphtheria (Td) vaccine at the Central Research Institute (CRI), Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh.
It provides protection against both tetanus and diphtheria.
Preparation: It is prepared by combining purified diphtheria toxoid and purified tetanus toxoid.
The antigens are adsorbed onto aluminum phosphate, which acts as an adjuvant, and thiomersal is added as a preservative.
The Td vaccine is aimed at strengthening protection among adolescents and adults and reducing morbidity and mortality associated with these vaccine-preventable diseases.
Td is freeze and heat sensitive.
The vaccine has been developed and manufactured by the Central Research Institute (CRI), which functions under the Directorate General of Health Services.
Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare will launch the Tetanus and Adult Diphtheria (Td) vaccine at the Central Research Institute (CRI), Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh.
It provides protection against both tetanus and diphtheria.
Preparation: It is prepared by combining purified diphtheria toxoid and purified tetanus toxoid.
The antigens are adsorbed onto aluminum phosphate, which acts as an adjuvant, and thiomersal is added as a preservative.
The Td vaccine is aimed at strengthening protection among adolescents and adults and reducing morbidity and mortality associated with these vaccine-preventable diseases.
Td is freeze and heat sensitive.
The vaccine has been developed and manufactured by the Central Research Institute (CRI), which functions under the Directorate General of Health Services.
Ans. The Daily UPSC Quiz is a set of practice questions based on current affairs, static subjects, and PYQs that help aspirants enhance retention and test conceptual clarity regularly.
Q2. How is the Daily Quiz useful for UPSC preparation?+
Ans. Daily quizzes support learning, help in revision, improve time management, and boost accuracy for both UPSC Prelims and Mains through consistent practice.
Q3. Are the quiz questions based on the UPSC syllabus?+
Ans. Yes, all questions are aligned with the UPSC Syllabus 2025, covering key areas like Polity, Economy, Environment, History, Geography, and Current Affairs.
Q4. Are solutions and explanations provided with the quiz?+
Ans. Yes, each quiz includes detailed explanations and source references to enhance conceptual understanding and enable self-assessment.
Q5. Is the Daily UPSC Quiz suitable for both Prelims and Mains?+
Ans. Primarily focused on Prelims (MCQ format), but it also indirectly helps in Mains by strengthening subject knowledge and factual clarity.
At Vajiram & Ravi, our team includes subject experts who have appeared for the UPSC Mains and the Interview stage. With their deep understanding of the exam, they create content that is clear, to the point, reliable, and helpful for aspirants.Their aim is to make even difficult topics easy to understand and directly useful for your UPSC preparation—whether it’s for Current Affairs, General Studies, or Optional subjects. Every note, article, or test is designed to save your time and boost your performance.
Last updated on March, 2026
