UPSC Daily Quiz 20 February 2026
Quiz-summary
0 of 10 questions completed
Questions:
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
Information
Vajiram & Ravi’s Daily UPSC Quiz is designed to help aspirants strengthen their preparation by focusing on current affairs and concepts from the UPSC Syllabus 2026 for both Prelims & Mains. It allows candidates to revise important topics while regularly assessing their understanding and progress. Practicing these quizzes daily can improve accuracy, speed, and problem-solving skills. This consistent practice also enhances confidence in tackling exam-level questions. Overall, it is a valuable tool for both UPSC Prelims preparation and Mains revision.
You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.
Quiz is loading...
You must sign in or sign up to start the quiz.
You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:
Results
0 of 10 questions answered correctly
Your time:
Time has elapsed
You have reached 0 of 0 points, (0)
| Average score |
|
| Your score |
|
Categories
- Not categorized 0%
| Pos. | Name | Entered on | Points | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Table is loading | ||||
| No data available | ||||
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- Answered
- Review
-
Question 1 of 10
1. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements regarding Spinosaurus mirabilis, recently seen in the news:
- It is a new meat-eating dinosaur.
- The fossils of S. mirabilis were discovered in the Atacama Desert of South America.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: a
Explanation:
A new meat-eating dinosaur species, Spinosaurus mirabilis, was recently discovered in the Sahara Desert.
About Spinosaurus mirabilis:
It is a new meat-eating dinosaur, belonging to ‘Spinosaurus’ species.
The dinosaur’s fossils were uncovered in the remote fossil area of Jengueb in Niger, deep in the central Sahara.
It existed nearly 95 million years ago.
It likely lived in a forested inland habitat dissected by rivers.
With this new finding, mirabilis becomes the second known species of Spinosaurus.
The remains of first known species – Spinosaurus aegyptiacus – were discovered in 1915 from fossils excavated in Egypt.
Features:
The most striking feature of S. mirabilis is a massive, scimitar-shaped cranial crest, unlike anything previously documented in the group.
Based on the crest’s surface texture and interior vascular canals, the experts believe the crest was sheathed in keratin.
They reckon that this display feature was brightly colored in life, curving toward the sky as a blade-shaped beacon.
Other findings from the skull and leg bones show that S. mirabilis was a formidable, semiaquatic hunter.
Its interlocking conical teeth and long legs would have allowed the dinosaur to hunt on land, as well as to wade through the shallows and pluck creatures out of the water.
Hence only statement 1 is correct.
Incorrect
Answer: a
Explanation:
A new meat-eating dinosaur species, Spinosaurus mirabilis, was recently discovered in the Sahara Desert.
About Spinosaurus mirabilis:
It is a new meat-eating dinosaur, belonging to ‘Spinosaurus’ species.
The dinosaur’s fossils were uncovered in the remote fossil area of Jengueb in Niger, deep in the central Sahara.
It existed nearly 95 million years ago.
It likely lived in a forested inland habitat dissected by rivers.
With this new finding, mirabilis becomes the second known species of Spinosaurus.
The remains of first known species – Spinosaurus aegyptiacus – were discovered in 1915 from fossils excavated in Egypt.
Features:
The most striking feature of S. mirabilis is a massive, scimitar-shaped cranial crest, unlike anything previously documented in the group.
Based on the crest’s surface texture and interior vascular canals, the experts believe the crest was sheathed in keratin.
They reckon that this display feature was brightly colored in life, curving toward the sky as a blade-shaped beacon.
Other findings from the skull and leg bones show that S. mirabilis was a formidable, semiaquatic hunter.
Its interlocking conical teeth and long legs would have allowed the dinosaur to hunt on land, as well as to wade through the shallows and pluck creatures out of the water.
Hence only statement 1 is correct.
-
Question 2 of 10
2. Question
1 pointsMount Kanlaon, recently seen in the news, is located in which country?
Correct
Answer: c
Explanation:
Mount Kanlaon, a highly active volcano in the Philippines, erupted recently, releasing significant ash and smoke over Negros Island, prompting safety warnings.
About Mount Kanlaon:
Mount Kanlaon, also called Kanlaon Volcano, is a stratovolcano located on the island of Negros, Philippines.
It is the tallest mountain on Negros Island and in the Visayas region, standing about 2,465 meters (8,087 feet) above sea level.
It is one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines and part of the Pacific Ring of Fire.
The volcano comprises a number of pyroclastic cones and craters.
The summit contains a broad, elongated caldera with a crater lake, with a smaller but more active crater to the south.
The base of Kanlaon covers an area of 30 km x 14 km.
It is underlain by tropical volcanic materials composed of sheeted lava flows, lahar deposits, airfall tephra, and apron pyroclastic materials.
It is biologically diverse; and home to a number of species of flora and fauna.
The slopes are also headwater catchments of major river systems on the entire Negros Island.
Volcanic Activity:
It has erupted more than 30 times since 1819.
Most of its eruptions are phreatic, which means they are caused by steam and produce small to medium amounts of ash.
This ash usually falls around the volcano.
Hence option c is the correct answer.
News: https://www.timesnownews.com/world/mt-kanlaon-eruption-sends-massive-plumes-of-smoke-and-ash-across-the-philippines-negros-island-watch-article-153648247
Incorrect
Answer: c
Explanation:
Mount Kanlaon, a highly active volcano in the Philippines, erupted recently, releasing significant ash and smoke over Negros Island, prompting safety warnings.
About Mount Kanlaon:
Mount Kanlaon, also called Kanlaon Volcano, is a stratovolcano located on the island of Negros, Philippines.
It is the tallest mountain on Negros Island and in the Visayas region, standing about 2,465 meters (8,087 feet) above sea level.
It is one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines and part of the Pacific Ring of Fire.
The volcano comprises a number of pyroclastic cones and craters.
The summit contains a broad, elongated caldera with a crater lake, with a smaller but more active crater to the south.
The base of Kanlaon covers an area of 30 km x 14 km.
It is underlain by tropical volcanic materials composed of sheeted lava flows, lahar deposits, airfall tephra, and apron pyroclastic materials.
It is biologically diverse; and home to a number of species of flora and fauna.
The slopes are also headwater catchments of major river systems on the entire Negros Island.
Volcanic Activity:
It has erupted more than 30 times since 1819.
Most of its eruptions are phreatic, which means they are caused by steam and produce small to medium amounts of ash.
This ash usually falls around the volcano.
Hence option c is the correct answer.
News: https://www.timesnownews.com/world/mt-kanlaon-eruption-sends-massive-plumes-of-smoke-and-ash-across-the-philippines-negros-island-watch-article-153648247
-
Question 3 of 10
3. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements regarding the CJ-1000 Missile, recently seen in the news:
- It is a hypersonic ballistic missile.
- It was developed by China.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: b
Explanation:
China recently showcased the CJ-1000, a land-based scramjet-powered hypersonic missile, during a military parade in Beijing.
About CJ-1000 Missile:
It is a road-mobile hypersonic cruise missile developed by China.
It is the world’s first and so far only operational land-based scramjet-powered hypersonic missile.
CJ-1000 is mounted on a highly mobile 10-wheel diesel-electric hybrid transporter-erector-launcher.
It is estimated to have a range of at least 2,500 km.
Scramjet-powered missiles represent a more advanced but technically demanding path than hypersonic glide vehicles, such as China’s DF-17 and Russia’s Avangard.
Why Are Scramjet Missiles More Dangerous Than Glide Vehicles?
Scramjet missiles have a cruise altitude of 20 km to 30 km, which is much lower than that of glide vehicles. Glide vehicles typically fly at an altitude of approximately 60 km to 80 km.
For enemy air defence radar systems, the lower a missile flies, the more difficult it is to detect and respond to.
Furthermore, the scramjet engine operates throughout the cruise and terminal phases, providing greater manoeuvrability and accuracy against targets.
Glide vehicles, in contrast, rely largely on inertia during the final approach.
Hence only statement 2 is correct.
Incorrect
Answer: b
Explanation:
China recently showcased the CJ-1000, a land-based scramjet-powered hypersonic missile, during a military parade in Beijing.
About CJ-1000 Missile:
It is a road-mobile hypersonic cruise missile developed by China.
It is the world’s first and so far only operational land-based scramjet-powered hypersonic missile.
CJ-1000 is mounted on a highly mobile 10-wheel diesel-electric hybrid transporter-erector-launcher.
It is estimated to have a range of at least 2,500 km.
Scramjet-powered missiles represent a more advanced but technically demanding path than hypersonic glide vehicles, such as China’s DF-17 and Russia’s Avangard.
Why Are Scramjet Missiles More Dangerous Than Glide Vehicles?
Scramjet missiles have a cruise altitude of 20 km to 30 km, which is much lower than that of glide vehicles. Glide vehicles typically fly at an altitude of approximately 60 km to 80 km.
For enemy air defence radar systems, the lower a missile flies, the more difficult it is to detect and respond to.
Furthermore, the scramjet engine operates throughout the cruise and terminal phases, providing greater manoeuvrability and accuracy against targets.
Glide vehicles, in contrast, rely largely on inertia during the final approach.
Hence only statement 2 is correct.
-
Question 4 of 10
4. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements regarding the Strait of Gibraltar:
- It is the body of water connecting the Atlantic Ocean with the Mediterranean Sea.
- Portugal borders the strait from the north.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: a
Explanation:
The nuclear-powered USS Gerald R. Ford lit up tracking systems while sailing hard toward the Strait of Gibraltar, a move that defense watchers say “doesn’t usually happen”.
About Strait of Gibraltar:
It is the body of water separating Europe from Africa and connecting the Atlantic Ocean to the west with the Mediterranean Sea in the east.
It is located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula.
Bordering Countries: It is bordered by Spain and the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar in the north and by the African country of Morocco and the Spanish enclave of Ceuta in the south.
It is about 58 km long and has a width of about 13 km at its narrowest point between Morocco’s Point Cires and Spain’s Point Marroquí.
The western end of the strait located between Spain’s Cape Trafalgar and Morocco’s Cape Spartel has a width of about 43 km.
The strait’s eastern end, located between the Rock of Gibraltar in the north and Mount Hacho or Jebel Moussa in the south, has a width of about 23 km.
These two land features in the strait’s eastern extremity are known as the Pillars of Heracles.
The Strait of Gibraltar’s depth ranges from 300 to 900 m, and it forms a significant gap between the high plateau of Spain and the Atlas Mountains of Northern Africa.
Formation: Geological studies have revealed that the Strait was formed due to the northward movement of the African Plate towards the European Plate.
It is the only natural link between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea and is one of the busiest waterways in the world. Approximately 300 ships cross the Strait every day.
Until the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, the Strait of Gibraltar was the only means of oceanic access to and from the Mediterranean Sea.
An important port located on the Strait of Gibraltar is the Moroccan port of Tanger-Med, near Tangier.
Water Flow and Currents:
Water flows in and out of the Strait constantly.
The Atlantic Ocean has cooler, less salty water. The Mediterranean Sea has warmer, saltier water. This difference creates strong currents.
Water from the Atlantic flows into the Mediterranean near the surface.
Deeper down, saltier water from the Mediterranean flows back into the Atlantic.
This constant exchange helps keep the Mediterranean Sea healthy.
Hence only statement 1 is correct.
News:https://indiandefencereview.com/uss-gerald-r-ford-heads-toward-strait-of-gibralta/
Incorrect
Answer: a
Explanation:
The nuclear-powered USS Gerald R. Ford lit up tracking systems while sailing hard toward the Strait of Gibraltar, a move that defense watchers say “doesn’t usually happen”.
About Strait of Gibraltar:
It is the body of water separating Europe from Africa and connecting the Atlantic Ocean to the west with the Mediterranean Sea in the east.
It is located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula.
Bordering Countries: It is bordered by Spain and the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar in the north and by the African country of Morocco and the Spanish enclave of Ceuta in the south.
It is about 58 km long and has a width of about 13 km at its narrowest point between Morocco’s Point Cires and Spain’s Point Marroquí.
The western end of the strait located between Spain’s Cape Trafalgar and Morocco’s Cape Spartel has a width of about 43 km.
The strait’s eastern end, located between the Rock of Gibraltar in the north and Mount Hacho or Jebel Moussa in the south, has a width of about 23 km.
These two land features in the strait’s eastern extremity are known as the Pillars of Heracles.
The Strait of Gibraltar’s depth ranges from 300 to 900 m, and it forms a significant gap between the high plateau of Spain and the Atlas Mountains of Northern Africa.
Formation: Geological studies have revealed that the Strait was formed due to the northward movement of the African Plate towards the European Plate.
It is the only natural link between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea and is one of the busiest waterways in the world. Approximately 300 ships cross the Strait every day.
Until the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, the Strait of Gibraltar was the only means of oceanic access to and from the Mediterranean Sea.
An important port located on the Strait of Gibraltar is the Moroccan port of Tanger-Med, near Tangier.
Water Flow and Currents:
Water flows in and out of the Strait constantly.
The Atlantic Ocean has cooler, less salty water. The Mediterranean Sea has warmer, saltier water. This difference creates strong currents.
Water from the Atlantic flows into the Mediterranean near the surface.
Deeper down, saltier water from the Mediterranean flows back into the Atlantic.
This constant exchange helps keep the Mediterranean Sea healthy.
Hence only statement 1 is correct.
News:https://indiandefencereview.com/uss-gerald-r-ford-heads-toward-strait-of-gibralta/
-
Question 5 of 10
5. Question
1 pointsIn India, the Public Trust Doctrine is considered an important principle related to:
Correct
Answer: c
Explanation:
The Andhra Pradesh High Court recently observed that banks/bunds of tanks constitute an integral part of a water body, which needs to be strengthened from time to time, and any encroachment or construction on the same violates the Public Trust Doctrine.
About Public Trust Doctrine:
It is a legal principle asserting that the government acts as the custodian of certain natural resources for the benefit of the public.
It rests on the principle that certain resources have such great importance to the people as a whole that it would be wholly unjustified to make them a subject of private ownership.
Rooted in Roman law and developed through English common law, this doctrine encompasses various public assets such as tidal waters, lakes, rivers, wetlands, and ecosystems.
It imposes an obligation on the state to act as a trustee of natural resources.
The public is considered the owner of the resources, and the government protects and maintains these resources for the public’s use.
It guarantees that everyone has access to essential resources, which benefits society as a whole.
Three types of restrictions on governmental authority are often thought to be imposed by the public trust:
the property subject to the trust must not only be used for a public purpose, but it must be held available for use by the general public;
the property may not be sold, even for a fair cash equivalent;
the property must be maintained for particular types of uses.
It has emerged as a vital environmental and constitutional principle in India, ensuring the protection and preservation of natural resources for public use.
The Supreme Court held that the principle of the public trust is a part of the Indian legal system.
Supreme Court accepted that as far as “trusteeship” is concerned, there is not any doubt that the State is the holder of all natural resources in a fiduciary relationship with the public.
Hence option c is the correct answer.
Incorrect
Answer: c
Explanation:
The Andhra Pradesh High Court recently observed that banks/bunds of tanks constitute an integral part of a water body, which needs to be strengthened from time to time, and any encroachment or construction on the same violates the Public Trust Doctrine.
About Public Trust Doctrine:
It is a legal principle asserting that the government acts as the custodian of certain natural resources for the benefit of the public.
It rests on the principle that certain resources have such great importance to the people as a whole that it would be wholly unjustified to make them a subject of private ownership.
Rooted in Roman law and developed through English common law, this doctrine encompasses various public assets such as tidal waters, lakes, rivers, wetlands, and ecosystems.
It imposes an obligation on the state to act as a trustee of natural resources.
The public is considered the owner of the resources, and the government protects and maintains these resources for the public’s use.
It guarantees that everyone has access to essential resources, which benefits society as a whole.
Three types of restrictions on governmental authority are often thought to be imposed by the public trust:
the property subject to the trust must not only be used for a public purpose, but it must be held available for use by the general public;
the property may not be sold, even for a fair cash equivalent;
the property must be maintained for particular types of uses.
It has emerged as a vital environmental and constitutional principle in India, ensuring the protection and preservation of natural resources for public use.
The Supreme Court held that the principle of the public trust is a part of the Indian legal system.
Supreme Court accepted that as far as “trusteeship” is concerned, there is not any doubt that the State is the holder of all natural resources in a fiduciary relationship with the public.
Hence option c is the correct answer.
-
Question 6 of 10
6. Question
1 pointsNandhaur Wildlife Sanctuary, recently in news, is located in:
Correct
Answer: a
Explanation:
Recently, the Uttarakhand Forest Department has officially documented the presence of smooth-coated otters in the Nandhaur Wildlife Sanctuary for the first time.
- Location: It is located in the state of
- It is situated in Terai Arc Landscape, it forms part of Shivalik Elephant Reserve.
- It connects Corbett and Rajaji landscape on West with Pilibhit-Dudwa along with Terai area of Nepal in East.
- Rivers: It is flanked by River Gola in the west and River Sharda in the east and intersected by River Nandhaur
- The Nandhaur River flows east to west in the northern area and then turn south to cut the landscape into two before disappearing in the Tarai area.
- Vegetation: It mainly consists of Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest, Mixed Deciduous Forests, Riverine Forests.
- Flora: It has over 100 tree species, including the majestic shisham, versatile bamboo, timeless teak, and the evergreen chir pine.
- Fauna: Asian elephants, leopards and sloth bears, Tigers, Asiatic black bear and Sloth Bear. etc.
Hence option (a) is the correct answer.
News: https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2026/Feb/19/wildlife-experts-hail-first-sighting-of-smooth-coated-otters-in-uttarakhands-nandhaur-sanctuary
Incorrect
Answer: a
Explanation:
Recently, the Uttarakhand Forest Department has officially documented the presence of smooth-coated otters in the Nandhaur Wildlife Sanctuary for the first time.
- Location: It is located in the state of
- It is situated in Terai Arc Landscape, it forms part of Shivalik Elephant Reserve.
- It connects Corbett and Rajaji landscape on West with Pilibhit-Dudwa along with Terai area of Nepal in East.
- Rivers: It is flanked by River Gola in the west and River Sharda in the east and intersected by River Nandhaur
- The Nandhaur River flows east to west in the northern area and then turn south to cut the landscape into two before disappearing in the Tarai area.
- Vegetation: It mainly consists of Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest, Mixed Deciduous Forests, Riverine Forests.
- Flora: It has over 100 tree species, including the majestic shisham, versatile bamboo, timeless teak, and the evergreen chir pine.
- Fauna: Asian elephants, leopards and sloth bears, Tigers, Asiatic black bear and Sloth Bear. etc.
Hence option (a) is the correct answer.
News: https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2026/Feb/19/wildlife-experts-hail-first-sighting-of-smooth-coated-otters-in-uttarakhands-nandhaur-sanctuary
-
Question 7 of 10
7. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements regarding Vibrant Villages Programme-II:
- It is designed to ensure comprehensive and sustainable development of border villages in India.
- It is a Central Sector Scheme.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: c
Explanation:
The Union Home Minister will launch the Vibrant Villages Programme-II in the Cachar district of Assam.
- It is a Central Sector Scheme (100% Centre funding).
- It is designed to ensure comprehensive and sustainable development of border villages through a saturation-based and convergence-driven approach.
- Objective: To create better living conditions and adequate livelihood opportunities to ensure prosperous and safe borders, control trans-border crime and assimilate the border population with the nation.
- States Covered: It is implemented in select strategic villages in the States/UTs of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, J&K. Ladakh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
- It excludes the Northern border already covered under VVP-I.
- Financial Outlay: It has a total outlay of Rs 6,839 croreto be implemented till the FY 2028-29.
- Key Features of Vibrant Villages Programme–II:
- It shall provide funds for infrastructure development within the village or a cluster of villages like education infrastructure like SMART classes, development of tourism circuits.
- It focuses on value chain development through cooperatives, SHGs, etc to create diverse & sustainable livelihood opportunities in the border areas.
- It emphasizes enhancing vibrancy in these villages by organizing activities including fairs & festivals, awareness camps, celebration of National days.
Hence both statements are correct.
News: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2230157®=3&lang=1
Incorrect
Answer: c
Explanation:
The Union Home Minister will launch the Vibrant Villages Programme-II in the Cachar district of Assam.
- It is a Central Sector Scheme (100% Centre funding).
- It is designed to ensure comprehensive and sustainable development of border villages through a saturation-based and convergence-driven approach.
- Objective: To create better living conditions and adequate livelihood opportunities to ensure prosperous and safe borders, control trans-border crime and assimilate the border population with the nation.
- States Covered: It is implemented in select strategic villages in the States/UTs of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, J&K. Ladakh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
- It excludes the Northern border already covered under VVP-I.
- Financial Outlay: It has a total outlay of Rs 6,839 croreto be implemented till the FY 2028-29.
- Key Features of Vibrant Villages Programme–II:
- It shall provide funds for infrastructure development within the village or a cluster of villages like education infrastructure like SMART classes, development of tourism circuits.
- It focuses on value chain development through cooperatives, SHGs, etc to create diverse & sustainable livelihood opportunities in the border areas.
- It emphasizes enhancing vibrancy in these villages by organizing activities including fairs & festivals, awareness camps, celebration of National days.
Hence both statements are correct.
News: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2230157®=3&lang=1
-
Question 8 of 10
8. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements regarding Indian Sandalwood:
- It is a long-duration crop which grows better in slight alkaline condition soil.
- It is only cultivated in the state of Karnataka.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: a
Explanation:
According to a recent report by the sandalwood development committee (SDC) set up by the Union Government, globally, the estimated annual demand for sandalwood stands at 5,000 to 6,000 tonnes.
- Santalum album L. (Santalaceae) commonly known as Indian Sandalwood is one of the oldest and precious sources of natural fragrance.
- It is known by the name “Chandan” and “Srigandha”in India.
- Required Climatic Conditions for Indian Sandalwood
- Soil: Sandalwood grows better in slight alkaline condition soil PH Range between 6.7. to 7.5.
- Climate: It thrives in hot and humid climate.
- The ideal temperature for the growth of Sandalwood is between 12 degrees Celsius to 35 degrees celsius.
- It requires good drainage and does not stand water logged ground.
- It is a long-duration crop, taking nearly 20 years to develop quality heartwood, which is the primary source of sandalwood oil.
- It freely produces seed and natural regeneration occurs both via seedlings and through root suckers after trees have been uprooted.
- Uses: Sandalwood and its essential oils have very high commercial values because of its use in aromatherapy, soap industry, perfumery, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
- Major Sandalwood Growing States: It is mostly grown in states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Telangana, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu in India.
- Reasons for decline in sandalwood production: Illegal logging and smuggling, Habitat loss due to deforestation, Slow growth and long maturation cycle, Pests and diseases.
Hence only statement 1 is correct.
News: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/spotlight-sandalwood-an-expensive-fragrance/article70646679.ece
Incorrect
Answer: a
Explanation:
According to a recent report by the sandalwood development committee (SDC) set up by the Union Government, globally, the estimated annual demand for sandalwood stands at 5,000 to 6,000 tonnes.
- Santalum album L. (Santalaceae) commonly known as Indian Sandalwood is one of the oldest and precious sources of natural fragrance.
- It is known by the name “Chandan” and “Srigandha”in India.
- Required Climatic Conditions for Indian Sandalwood
- Soil: Sandalwood grows better in slight alkaline condition soil PH Range between 6.7. to 7.5.
- Climate: It thrives in hot and humid climate.
- The ideal temperature for the growth of Sandalwood is between 12 degrees Celsius to 35 degrees celsius.
- It requires good drainage and does not stand water logged ground.
- It is a long-duration crop, taking nearly 20 years to develop quality heartwood, which is the primary source of sandalwood oil.
- It freely produces seed and natural regeneration occurs both via seedlings and through root suckers after trees have been uprooted.
- Uses: Sandalwood and its essential oils have very high commercial values because of its use in aromatherapy, soap industry, perfumery, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
- Major Sandalwood Growing States: It is mostly grown in states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Telangana, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu in India.
- Reasons for decline in sandalwood production: Illegal logging and smuggling, Habitat loss due to deforestation, Slow growth and long maturation cycle, Pests and diseases.
Hence only statement 1 is correct.
News: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/spotlight-sandalwood-an-expensive-fragrance/article70646679.ece
-
Question 9 of 10
9. Question
1 pointsWith reference to National Commission for Scheduled Tribes, consider the following:
- It is a statutory body.
- It advises in the Planning Process relating to Socio-economic development of Scheduled Tribes.
- Its Chairman holds the rank of a Union Cabinet Minister.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Answer: b
Explanation:
Recently, the 23rd Foundation Day of the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) was celebrated in New Delhi.
- It is a constitutional body established by amending Article 338 and inserting a new Article 338A.
- Historical Evolution:
- The NCST’s establishment is rooted in the Constitution (89th Amendment) Act, 2003.
- Prior to this amendment, the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was a combined entity.
- The separation into two distinct Commissions-NCSC and NCST-occurred on 19 February 2004.
- Headquarters: New Delhi
- Composition of National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
- Chairperson:Holds the rank of a Union Cabinet Minister.
- Vice-Chairperson:Holds the rank of a Minister of State.
- Members:Their ranks are equivalent to that of a Secretary to the Government of India.
- The terms of office for these positions are three yearsfrom the date of assuming charge.
- Functions of National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
- To monitor safeguards provided for STs under the Constitution or under other laws;
- To inquire into specific complaints relating to Rights & Safeguards of STs;
- To advise in the Planning Process relating to Socio-economic development of STs;
- To submit report to the President annually and other times on welfare Measures required related to Socio-economic development of STs;
- To discharge such other functions in relation to STs as the President may by rule specify.
Hence only statements 2 and 3 are correct.
News: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2230380®=3&lang=1
Incorrect
Answer: b
Explanation:
Recently, the 23rd Foundation Day of the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) was celebrated in New Delhi.
- It is a constitutional body established by amending Article 338 and inserting a new Article 338A.
- Historical Evolution:
- The NCST’s establishment is rooted in the Constitution (89th Amendment) Act, 2003.
- Prior to this amendment, the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was a combined entity.
- The separation into two distinct Commissions-NCSC and NCST-occurred on 19 February 2004.
- Headquarters: New Delhi
- Composition of National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
- Chairperson:Holds the rank of a Union Cabinet Minister.
- Vice-Chairperson:Holds the rank of a Minister of State.
- Members:Their ranks are equivalent to that of a Secretary to the Government of India.
- The terms of office for these positions are three yearsfrom the date of assuming charge.
- Functions of National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
- To monitor safeguards provided for STs under the Constitution or under other laws;
- To inquire into specific complaints relating to Rights & Safeguards of STs;
- To advise in the Planning Process relating to Socio-economic development of STs;
- To submit report to the President annually and other times on welfare Measures required related to Socio-economic development of STs;
- To discharge such other functions in relation to STs as the President may by rule specify.
Hence only statements 2 and 3 are correct.
News: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2230380®=3&lang=1
-
Question 10 of 10
10. Question
1 pointsSalem Sago, recently in news, is mainly cultivated in:
Correct
Answer: d
Explanation:
Recently, the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) facilitated the export of 0.5 MT of GI-tagged Salem Sago from Salem, Tamil Nadu to Canada.
- It is locally known as Javvarisi in Tamil Nadu, is a starch-based food product extracted from tapioca roots.
- Sago is derived from raw tapiocas.
- It is in the form of small hard globules or pearls and is pearl white in colour.
- It is manufactured from the wet starch powder crushed from tapioca roots.
- The wet starch powder is used for producing sago and the dry powder has been used as a raw material for industrial purposes.
- In 2023 Salem Sago secured a Geographical Indication (GI) tag.
- Uses: Sago is used in various industries, including food, paper, construction, textile, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, mining, and alcohol, among others.
Hence option (d) is the correct answer.
News: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2230307®=3&lang=1
Incorrect
Answer: d
Explanation:
Recently, the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) facilitated the export of 0.5 MT of GI-tagged Salem Sago from Salem, Tamil Nadu to Canada.
- It is locally known as Javvarisi in Tamil Nadu, is a starch-based food product extracted from tapioca roots.
- Sago is derived from raw tapiocas.
- It is in the form of small hard globules or pearls and is pearl white in colour.
- It is manufactured from the wet starch powder crushed from tapioca roots.
- The wet starch powder is used for producing sago and the dry powder has been used as a raw material for industrial purposes.
- In 2023 Salem Sago secured a Geographical Indication (GI) tag.
- Uses: Sago is used in various industries, including food, paper, construction, textile, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, mining, and alcohol, among others.
Hence option (d) is the correct answer.
News: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2230307®=3&lang=1
Last updated on February, 2026
→ UPSC Notification 2026 is now out on the official website at upsconline.nic.in.
→ UPSC IFoS Notification 2026 is now out on the official website at upsconline.nic.in.
→ UPSC Calendar 2026 has been released.
→ UPSC Final Result 2025 is expected to be released in the second week of April 2026.
→ Check out the latest UPSC Syllabus 2026 here.
→ Join Vajiram & Ravi’s Interview Guidance Programme for expert help to crack your final UPSC stage.
→ UPSC Mains Result 2025 is now out.
→ UPSC Prelims 2026 will be conducted on 24th May, 2026 & UPSC Mains 2026 will be conducted on 21st August 2026.
→ The UPSC Selection Process is of 3 stages-Prelims, Mains and Interview.
→ Prepare effectively with Vajiram & Ravi’s UPSC Prelims Test Series 2026 featuring full-length mock tests, detailed solutions, and performance analysis.
→ Enroll in Vajiram & Ravi’s UPSC Mains Test Series 2026 for structured answer writing practice, expert evaluation, and exam-oriented feedback.
→ Join Vajiram & Ravi’s Best UPSC Mentorship Program for personalized guidance, strategy planning, and one-to-one support from experienced mentors.
→ Check UPSC Marksheet 2024 Here.
→ UPSC Toppers List 2024 is released now. Shakti Dubey is UPSC AIR 1 2024 Topper.
→ Also check Best UPSC Coaching in India
UPSC Daily Quiz FAQs
Q1. What is the Daily UPSC Quiz?+
Ans. The Daily UPSC Quiz is a set of practice questions based on current affairs, static subjects, and PYQs that help aspirants enhance retention and test conceptual clarity regularly.
Q2. How is the Daily Quiz useful for UPSC preparation?+
Ans. Daily quizzes support learning, help in revision, improve time management, and boost accuracy for both UPSC Prelims and Mains through consistent practice.
Q3. Are the quiz questions based on the UPSC syllabus?+
Ans. Yes, all questions are aligned with the UPSC Syllabus 2025, covering key areas like Polity, Economy, Environment, History, Geography, and Current Affairs.
Q4. Are solutions and explanations provided with the quiz?+
Ans. Yes, each quiz includes detailed explanations and source references to enhance conceptual understanding and enable self-assessment.
Q5. Is the Daily UPSC Quiz suitable for both Prelims and Mains?+
Ans. Primarily focused on Prelims (MCQ format), but it also indirectly helps in Mains by strengthening subject knowledge and factual clarity.
Tags: daily quiz upsc daily quiz upsc quiz
UPSC Daily Quiz 19 February 2026
UPSC Daily Quiz 18 February 2026
UPSC Daily Quiz 17 February 2026
