Practice the Daily UPSC Quiz by Vajiram & Ravi to increase your current affairs and concept clarity. Ideal for UPSC Prelims and Mains 2025 preparation. Stay updated, revise smarter, and track your progress.
The Daily UPSC Quiz by Vajiram & Ravi is a thoughtfully curated initiative designed to support UPSC aspirants in strengthening their current affairs knowledge and core conceptual understanding. Aligned with the UPSC Syllabus 2025, this daily quiz serves as a revision resource, helping candidates assess their preparation, revise key topics, and stay updated with relevant issues. Whether you are preparing for Prelims or sharpening your revision for Mains, consistent practice with these Daily UPSC Quiz can significantly enhance accuracy, speed, and confidence in solving exam-level questions.
UPSC Daily Quiz 22 November 2025
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The Daily UPSC Quiz by Vajiram & Ravi is a thoughtfully curated initiative designed to support UPSC aspirants in strengthening their current affairs knowledge and core conceptual understanding. Aligned with the UPSC Syllabus 2025, this daily quiz serves as a revision resource, helping candidates assess their preparation, revise key topics, and stay updated with relevant issues. Whether you are preparing for Prelims or sharpening your revision for Mains, consistent practice with these Daily UPSC Quiz can significantly enhance accuracy, speed, and confidence in solving exam-level questions
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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
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Consider the following statements regarding Sagar Kavach, recently seen in the news:
It is an annual coastal security drill.
It is led by the Indian Coast Guard (ICG).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: b
Explanation:
The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) successfully conducted the comprehensive Coastal Security Exercise Sagar Kavach-02/25 along the Maharashtra and Goa coastline recently.
About Sagar Kavach:
It is a biannual coastal security drill led by the Indian Coast Guard (ICG) that tests and improves coastal security mechanisms against asymmetric threats.
A wide range of central and state agencies, including the Indian Navy, State Police, Marine Police, Fisheries, Customs, , are part of this exercise.
The exercise aims to assess the preparedness of all participating agencies in handling coastal security emergencies, preventing attacks on vital coastal installations, and further strengthening the multi-layered Coastal Security Network.
During the exercise, security forces are split into a “Red team” that simulates infiltrators and a “Blue Team” that detects and neutralises them, assessing inter-agency coordination and response times.
The key activities of the Sagar Kavach drill generally include heightened surveillance, boat patrols, vehicle checks, and simulated attacks on vital installations to strengthen the country’s coastal security framework.
Recognizing the pivotal role of fishermen in coastal security, the exercise emphasizes the need for their active involvement.
Fishermen are urged to promptly report any unknown vessels operating in proximity to the coast to the ICG.
The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) successfully conducted the comprehensive Coastal Security Exercise Sagar Kavach-02/25 along the Maharashtra and Goa coastline recently.
About Sagar Kavach:
It is a biannual coastal security drill led by the Indian Coast Guard (ICG) that tests and improves coastal security mechanisms against asymmetric threats.
A wide range of central and state agencies, including the Indian Navy, State Police, Marine Police, Fisheries, Customs, , are part of this exercise.
The exercise aims to assess the preparedness of all participating agencies in handling coastal security emergencies, preventing attacks on vital coastal installations, and further strengthening the multi-layered Coastal Security Network.
During the exercise, security forces are split into a “Red team” that simulates infiltrators and a “Blue Team” that detects and neutralises them, assessing inter-agency coordination and response times.
The key activities of the Sagar Kavach drill generally include heightened surveillance, boat patrols, vehicle checks, and simulated attacks on vital installations to strengthen the country’s coastal security framework.
Recognizing the pivotal role of fishermen in coastal security, the exercise emphasizes the need for their active involvement.
Fishermen are urged to promptly report any unknown vessels operating in proximity to the coast to the ICG.
With reference to the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI), consider the following statements:
It is a statutory body established for the development and regulation of inland waterways for shipping and navigation.
It takes up techno-economic feasibility studies and prepares proposals for the declaration of other waterways as National Waterways.
It advises the Central Government on matters related to inland water transport (IWT) and assists States in the development of the IWT sector.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Answer: c
Explanation:
The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) recently signed a series of major agreements valued at about â‚ą3,000 crore to boost cargo movement, passenger transport and river-based tourism in the Northeast.
About Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI):
It is a statutory body established under the Inland Waterways Authority of India Act (IWAI), 1985.
It came into existence on 27th October 1986 for the development and regulation of inland waterways for shipping and navigation.
Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways
The Authority primarily undertakes projects for development and maintenance of inland water transport (IWT) infrastructure on national waterways through grants received from the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways.
It also takes up techno-economic feasibility studies and prepares proposals for the declaration of other waterways as National Waterways.
It also advises the Central Government on matters related to IWT and assists States in the development of the IWT sector.
Headquarters: Noida, Uttar Pradesh
The Authority also has its regional offices at Patna, Kolkata, Guwahati, and Kochi and sub-offices at Allahabad, Varanasi, Farakka, Sahibganj, Haldia, Swroopganj, Hemnagar, Dibrugarh, Dhubri, Silchar, Kollam, Bhubaneshwar, and Vijayawada.
The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) recently signed a series of major agreements valued at about â‚ą3,000 crore to boost cargo movement, passenger transport and river-based tourism in the Northeast.
About Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI):
It is a statutory body established under the Inland Waterways Authority of India Act (IWAI), 1985.
It came into existence on 27th October 1986 for the development and regulation of inland waterways for shipping and navigation.
Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways
The Authority primarily undertakes projects for development and maintenance of inland water transport (IWT) infrastructure on national waterways through grants received from the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways.
It also takes up techno-economic feasibility studies and prepares proposals for the declaration of other waterways as National Waterways.
It also advises the Central Government on matters related to IWT and assists States in the development of the IWT sector.
Headquarters: Noida, Uttar Pradesh
The Authority also has its regional offices at Patna, Kolkata, Guwahati, and Kochi and sub-offices at Allahabad, Varanasi, Farakka, Sahibganj, Haldia, Swroopganj, Hemnagar, Dibrugarh, Dhubri, Silchar, Kollam, Bhubaneshwar, and Vijayawada.
Enceladus, recently seen in the news, is a moon of which planet?
Correct
Answer: b
Explanation:
Scientists analyzing NASA Cassini data recently identified previously unknown organic compounds in ice particles emitted from Saturn’s moon Enceladus.
About Enceladus:
It is the second nearest of the major regular moons of Saturn and the brightest of all its moons.
It is Saturn’s sixth-largest moon.
It was discovered in 1789 by the English astronomer William Herschel and named for one of the Giants (Gigantes) of Greek mythology.
It measures about 500 km in diameter.
It orbits Saturn in a prograde, nearly circular path at a mean distance of 238,020 km.
Enceladus is tidally locked with Saturn, keeping the same face toward the planet.
It continually spews out a concoction of water and simple organic chemicals into space.
Its surface, which reflects essentially all of the light that strikes it (compared with about 7 percent for Earth’s Moon), is basically smooth but includes cratered and grooved plains.
The surface is almost pure water ice, with trace amounts of carbon dioxide, ammonia, and light hydrocarbons.
Because Enceladus is coated in clean, highly reflective ice, it has the brightest surface of any object in our solar system.
Like other icy moons that orbit gas giants, it’s thought that Enceladus maintains a liquid subsurface oceanthrough tidal heating.
It is one of the most promising potential sites in the solar system for hosting life.
Scientists believe Enceladus possesses the chemical ingredients needed for life and has hydrothermal vents releasing hot, mineral-rich water into its ocean, the same type of environment that may have spawned Earth’s first living organisms.
Scientists analyzing NASA Cassini data recently identified previously unknown organic compounds in ice particles emitted from Saturn’s moon Enceladus.
About Enceladus:
It is the second nearest of the major regular moons of Saturn and the brightest of all its moons.
It is Saturn’s sixth-largest moon.
It was discovered in 1789 by the English astronomer William Herschel and named for one of the Giants (Gigantes) of Greek mythology.
It measures about 500 km in diameter.
It orbits Saturn in a prograde, nearly circular path at a mean distance of 238,020 km.
Enceladus is tidally locked with Saturn, keeping the same face toward the planet.
It continually spews out a concoction of water and simple organic chemicals into space.
Its surface, which reflects essentially all of the light that strikes it (compared with about 7 percent for Earth’s Moon), is basically smooth but includes cratered and grooved plains.
The surface is almost pure water ice, with trace amounts of carbon dioxide, ammonia, and light hydrocarbons.
Because Enceladus is coated in clean, highly reflective ice, it has the brightest surface of any object in our solar system.
Like other icy moons that orbit gas giants, it’s thought that Enceladus maintains a liquid subsurface oceanthrough tidal heating.
It is one of the most promising potential sites in the solar system for hosting life.
Scientists believe Enceladus possesses the chemical ingredients needed for life and has hydrothermal vents releasing hot, mineral-rich water into its ocean, the same type of environment that may have spawned Earth’s first living organisms.
Which of the following best expresses the Doctrine of Clean Hands?
Correct
Answer: c
Explanation:
The Division Bench of the Delhi High Court recently ruled that the principle of “clean hands” cannot be invoked to deny relief to a petitioner who has successfully proved cruelty, merely based on unsubstantiated counter-allegations by the respondent.
About Doctrine of Clean Hands:
The Doctrine of Clean Hands emphasises that those seeking justice must not engage in dishonest practices, ensuring that litigants approach the court with full transparency and integrity.
It is an equitable principle that prevents a party from receiving relief or asserting a defense if they have acted unfairly or in bad faith concerning the very matter before the court.
Essentially, a party seeking an equitable remedy must themselves have “clean hands” regarding the dispute to be granted relief.
Simply put, the doctrine requires that “He who seeks equity must do equity.”
The doctrine has its roots in the English Court of Chancery, which administered equity.
Clean Hands Doctrine in Indian Jurisprudence:
In Indian jurisprudence, the Supreme Court of India has consistently emphasized that litigants must approach the court with “clean hands,” meaning full and honest disclosure of all material facts relevant to the case.
It would be trite that suppression of material facts implies disclosure of those facts which are essential to the decision-making process.
If such material facts are suppressed, the Courts have held that the same amounts to fraud on the court, misrepresentation, or abuse of process of law.
Such conduct disentitles the litigant to any relief, whether interim or final, and may attract exemplary costs, dismissal of proceedings, or even contempt actions.
The court has described this as a fundamental requirement for invoking equitable jurisdiction, particularly in writ petitions under Article 226 or special leave petitions under Article 136.
The Division Bench of the Delhi High Court recently ruled that the principle of “clean hands” cannot be invoked to deny relief to a petitioner who has successfully proved cruelty, merely based on unsubstantiated counter-allegations by the respondent.
About Doctrine of Clean Hands:
The Doctrine of Clean Hands emphasises that those seeking justice must not engage in dishonest practices, ensuring that litigants approach the court with full transparency and integrity.
It is an equitable principle that prevents a party from receiving relief or asserting a defense if they have acted unfairly or in bad faith concerning the very matter before the court.
Essentially, a party seeking an equitable remedy must themselves have “clean hands” regarding the dispute to be granted relief.
Simply put, the doctrine requires that “He who seeks equity must do equity.”
The doctrine has its roots in the English Court of Chancery, which administered equity.
Clean Hands Doctrine in Indian Jurisprudence:
In Indian jurisprudence, the Supreme Court of India has consistently emphasized that litigants must approach the court with “clean hands,” meaning full and honest disclosure of all material facts relevant to the case.
It would be trite that suppression of material facts implies disclosure of those facts which are essential to the decision-making process.
If such material facts are suppressed, the Courts have held that the same amounts to fraud on the court, misrepresentation, or abuse of process of law.
Such conduct disentitles the litigant to any relief, whether interim or final, and may attract exemplary costs, dismissal of proceedings, or even contempt actions.
The court has described this as a fundamental requirement for invoking equitable jurisdiction, particularly in writ petitions under Article 226 or special leave petitions under Article 136.
Consider the following statements regarding the Joint Crediting Mechanism:
It is a Japanese initiative aims to facilitate diffusion of leading decarbonizing technologies to partner countries.
India is not a partner country of this initiative.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: a
Explanation:
Recently, the union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change participated in the 11th Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) Partner Countries’ Meeting.Â
It was first proposed by the Government of Japan and was officially launched in 2013.
Aim: It is a Japanese initiative aims to facilitate diffusion of leading decarbonizing technologies and infrastructure through investment by Japanese entities and contributes to sustainable development of partner countries.
It’s a bilateral mechanism which is being implemented in accordance with Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.
The JCM contributes to the achievement of both countries’ NDC (Nationally Determined Contribution) by evaluating Japan’s contributions in a quantitative manner and acquiring the part of credit.
It operates under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
It complements other existing mechanisms, such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI).
India is one of the 31partner countries of the Joint Crediting Mechanism.
Focus Area of Joint Crediting Mechanism:
This mechanism focuses on priority sectors which includes renewable energy with storage, sustainable aviation fuel, compressed biogas, green hydrogen and green ammonia, and in hard-to-abate sectors.
Recently, the union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change participated in the 11th Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) Partner Countries’ Meeting.Â
It was first proposed by the Government of Japan and was officially launched in 2013.
Aim: It is a Japanese initiative aims to facilitate diffusion of leading decarbonizing technologies and infrastructure through investment by Japanese entities and contributes to sustainable development of partner countries.
It’s a bilateral mechanism which is being implemented in accordance with Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.
The JCM contributes to the achievement of both countries’ NDC (Nationally Determined Contribution) by evaluating Japan’s contributions in a quantitative manner and acquiring the part of credit.
It operates under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
It complements other existing mechanisms, such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI).
India is one of the 31partner countries of the Joint Crediting Mechanism.
Focus Area of Joint Crediting Mechanism:
This mechanism focuses on priority sectors which includes renewable energy with storage, sustainable aviation fuel, compressed biogas, green hydrogen and green ammonia, and in hard-to-abate sectors.
Mahe Group is volcanic with a narrow coastal strip and rocky, hilly interior; others are relatively flat coral atolls, or elevated reefs; sits atop the submarine Mascarene Plateau.
Highest Point: The highest point in Seychelles is Morne Seychellois.
Climate: The climate is tropical oceanic, with little temperature variation during the year.
Mahe Group is volcanic with a narrow coastal strip and rocky, hilly interior; others are relatively flat coral atolls, or elevated reefs; sits atop the submarine Mascarene Plateau.
Highest Point: The highest point in Seychelles is Morne Seychellois.
Climate: The climate is tropical oceanic, with little temperature variation during the year.
Consider the following statements regarding Pharmacogenomics:
It is the study of how an individual’s genetic inheritance affects the body’s response to drugs.
It is applied in tailoring cancer therapies.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: c
Explanation:
Pharmacogenomics transforms drug therapy from a one-size-fits-all approach to precision medicine, tailoring treatments to individual genetic profiles.
It is the study of how an individual’s genetic inheritance affects the body’s response to drugs.
Origin of the Word: The term comes from the words pharmacology and genomics and is thus the intersection of pharmaceuticals and genetics.
It is part of the growing medical areas of genomic medicine and precision medicine(also called personalized medicine).
This is treatment that’s personalized based on your genes,environment and lifestyle.
Pharmacogenomics is currently used in:
Oncology: Tailoring cancer therapies based on tumour genetics and patient DNA.
Cardiology: Adjusting blood thinner dosages based on genetic variants.
Psychiatry: Selecting the right antidepressant with minimal side effects.
Infectious Diseases: Predicting patient response to antiviral treatments.
Importance of Pharmacogenomics
Improving safety: It improves drug safety, enhances therapeutic outcomes, and reduces healthcare costs associated with adverse drug reactions.
Targeted drug development: Some conditions are caused by specific changes in a gene. Pharmacogenomics can help researchers discover new medications that directly target the gene change.
Pharmacogenomics transforms drug therapy from a one-size-fits-all approach to precision medicine, tailoring treatments to individual genetic profiles.
It is the study of how an individual’s genetic inheritance affects the body’s response to drugs.
Origin of the Word: The term comes from the words pharmacology and genomics and is thus the intersection of pharmaceuticals and genetics.
It is part of the growing medical areas of genomic medicine and precision medicine(also called personalized medicine).
This is treatment that’s personalized based on your genes,environment and lifestyle.
Pharmacogenomics is currently used in:
Oncology: Tailoring cancer therapies based on tumour genetics and patient DNA.
Cardiology: Adjusting blood thinner dosages based on genetic variants.
Psychiatry: Selecting the right antidepressant with minimal side effects.
Infectious Diseases: Predicting patient response to antiviral treatments.
Importance of Pharmacogenomics
Improving safety: It improves drug safety, enhances therapeutic outcomes, and reduces healthcare costs associated with adverse drug reactions.
Targeted drug development: Some conditions are caused by specific changes in a gene. Pharmacogenomics can help researchers discover new medications that directly target the gene change.
With reference to Indian Pond Heron, consider the following:
It is a small heron endemic to India.
It acquires maroon hair like plumes during breeding season.
It is mainly found in shallow aquatic habitats.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Answer: b
Explanation:
Recent citizen-science data from Visakhapatnam suggests that pond herons and cattle egrets may be undertaking regular seasonal journeys along the East coast, reviving a 30-year-old mystery from Chennai.
Indian Pond Heron or paddybird (Ardeola grayii) is a small heron of Old World origins belongs to the family Ardeidae.
It acquires maroon hair like plumes on back and a long occipital crest during breeding season.
Appearance:
They appear stocky with a short neck, short thick bill and buff-brown back.
During the breeding season, its plumage exhibits shades of chestnut, while in non-breeding periods, it adopts a more subdued appearance with greyish-brown feathers.
Habitat: It prefers many types of shallow aquatic habitats, fresh of salt, natural or human made.
Distribution: Â It is mainly found in Iran and east to Pakistan, India, Burma, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.Â
Behavior:
They are semi-colonial breeders and sometimes form communal roosts, often in avenue trees over busy urban areas.
They are known for their solitary and secretive nature,
They are often seen standing motionless at the water’s edge, patiently waiting to ambush their prey.Â
Diet: The primary food of these birds includes crustaceans, aquatic insects, fishes, tadpoles and sometimes leeches.
Recent citizen-science data from Visakhapatnam suggests that pond herons and cattle egrets may be undertaking regular seasonal journeys along the East coast, reviving a 30-year-old mystery from Chennai.
Indian Pond Heron or paddybird (Ardeola grayii) is a small heron of Old World origins belongs to the family Ardeidae.
It acquires maroon hair like plumes on back and a long occipital crest during breeding season.
Appearance:
They appear stocky with a short neck, short thick bill and buff-brown back.
During the breeding season, its plumage exhibits shades of chestnut, while in non-breeding periods, it adopts a more subdued appearance with greyish-brown feathers.
Habitat: It prefers many types of shallow aquatic habitats, fresh of salt, natural or human made.
Distribution: Â It is mainly found in Iran and east to Pakistan, India, Burma, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.Â
Behavior:
They are semi-colonial breeders and sometimes form communal roosts, often in avenue trees over busy urban areas.
They are known for their solitary and secretive nature,
They are often seen standing motionless at the water’s edge, patiently waiting to ambush their prey.Â
Diet: The primary food of these birds includes crustaceans, aquatic insects, fishes, tadpoles and sometimes leeches.
Consider the following statements regarding Interstellar Objects:
These are celestial bodies that originate outside the solar system.
These objects basically move in an open-ended elliptical orbit.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: a
Explanation:
Recently, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) released new images of Comet 3I/Atlas, an interstellar object that astronomers have determined is billions of years old.
Interstellar objects are celestial bodies that originate outside the solar system, and travel through it.
These objects are not gravitationally bound to a star.
They can come from other solar systems and be thrown into interstellar space (the area between the stars) due to collisions or be slingshotted by a planet’s or star’s gravity.
1I/ʻOumuamua(2017),2I/Borisov (2019) and Comet 3I/Atlas are the recently known interstellar objects.
Characteristics of Interstellar Objects:
Origin: They originate from outside our solar system, often from other star systems or the interstellar medium.
Hyperbolic Orbit: They basically move in an open-ended hyperbolic orbit, where there is a perihelion point but no aphelion.
Speed: These objects move at such great speeds that the Sun’s gravitational pull is not able to slow them down enough during their outbound leg.
Significance of Interstellar Objects:
Insights into other star systems: Interstellar objects can provide clues about the formation and evolution of other star systems.
Understanding planetary formation: They can help us understand how planets form and evolve in different environments.
Recently, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) released new images of Comet 3I/Atlas, an interstellar object that astronomers have determined is billions of years old.
Interstellar objects are celestial bodies that originate outside the solar system, and travel through it.
These objects are not gravitationally bound to a star.
They can come from other solar systems and be thrown into interstellar space (the area between the stars) due to collisions or be slingshotted by a planet’s or star’s gravity.
1I/ʻOumuamua(2017),2I/Borisov (2019) and Comet 3I/Atlas are the recently known interstellar objects.
Characteristics of Interstellar Objects:
Origin: They originate from outside our solar system, often from other star systems or the interstellar medium.
Hyperbolic Orbit: They basically move in an open-ended hyperbolic orbit, where there is a perihelion point but no aphelion.
Speed: These objects move at such great speeds that the Sun’s gravitational pull is not able to slow them down enough during their outbound leg.
Significance of Interstellar Objects:
Insights into other star systems: Interstellar objects can provide clues about the formation and evolution of other star systems.
Understanding planetary formation: They can help us understand how planets form and evolve in different environments.
Ans. The Daily UPSC Quiz is a set of practice questions based on current affairs, static subjects, and PYQs that help aspirants enhance retention and test conceptual clarity regularly.
Q2. How is the Daily Quiz useful for UPSC preparation?+
Ans. Daily quizzes support learning, help in revision, improve time management, and boost accuracy for both UPSC Prelims and Mains through consistent practice.
Q3. Are the quiz questions based on the UPSC syllabus?+
Ans. Yes, all questions are aligned with the UPSC Syllabus 2025, covering key areas like Polity, Economy, Environment, History, Geography, and Current Affairs.
Q4. Are solutions and explanations provided with the quiz?+
Ans. Yes, each quiz includes detailed explanations and source references to enhance conceptual understanding and enable self-assessment.
Q5. Is the Daily UPSC Quiz suitable for both Prelims and Mains?+
Ans. Primarily focused on Prelims (MCQ format), but it also indirectly helps in Mains by strengthening subject knowledge and factual clarity.
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