UPSC Prelims Current Affairs for 7 April 2026

by Vajiram & Ravi - 7 April 2026

Vajiram & Ravi provides Daily UPSC Prelims Current Affairs for 7 April 2026, tailored for aspirants. We cover all relevant news and events crucial for the exam, ensuring you stay updated & well-prepared.

Mission MITRA

April 7, 2026
Mission MITRA

Mission MITRA  Latest News

Recently, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched the Mission MITRA in Ladakh to test mental, physical strength of astronauts.

About Mission MITRA

  • The Mission MITRA (Mapping of Interoperable Traits and Response Assessment) is a first-of-its-kind team behavioral study designed by ISRO & IAF-Institute of Aerospace Medicine.
  • Objective:  To examine the physiological, psychological, and operational dynamics of Crew and ground teams functioning in a high-altitude environment.
  • It is being conducted in the rugged, high-altitude terrain of Leh, Ladakh.
    • Ladakh is known for its freezing temperatures, low oxygen levels and isolation, Ladakh is an ideal terrestrial analogue for space-like conditions.
  • The mission involves India’s four designated Gaganyaan astronauts, supported by a multidisciplinary team of scientists, engineers, medical experts and psychologists.
  • This study is targeted to generate vital understanding on the team inter-operability between Crew (Gaganyatris) &ground control teams and effectiveness of decision making under environmental & operational stress.
  • Significance: The findings will play a vital role in shaping India’s future human spaceflight missions, especially those involving longer durations in orbit or beyond.

Source: TH

Mission MITRA FAQs

Q1: Where is Mission MITRA being conducted?

Ans: Leh, Ladakh

Q2: What is the primary objective of Mission MITRA?

Ans: To evaluate team interoperability and decision-making under stress

Indian Crested Porcupine

April 7, 2026
Indian Crested Porcupine

Indian Crested Porcupine Latest News

Recently, it was observed that the Indian crested porcupine has begun feeding on saffron corms beneath the soil, hollowing out harvests before they can bloom in Kashmir.

About Indian Crested Porcupine

  • It is a large rodent belonging to the Old World porcupine family, Hystricidae.
  • Habitat
    • It mainly occurs on rocky hill sides but is also found in tropical and temperate scrublands, grasslands, and forests.
    • They are also found throughout the Himalayan Mountains, reaching up to elevations of 2400 meters. 
  • Distribution: It is found throughout southeast and central Asia and in parts of the Middle East, including such countries as India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Israel, Iran, and Saudi Arabia.
  • Features
    • Lifespan: 18 to 20 years
    • Quills: A porcupine’s best defense is the formidable set of quills on its back. But it can’t “throw” them. When alarmed, the Indian Porcupine launches its quill for a backward attack. 
    • The feet and hands are broad, with long claws that are used for burrowing.
    • It is nocturnal, with the species seeking shelter in caves, between rocks, or in its burrow during the day.
    • Diet: They have a very broad and mostly herbivorous diet. They primarily feed on fruits, grains, roots, and other vegetable material.
    • Conservation Status IUCN Red List: Least Concerned.

Source: TOI

Indian Crested Porcupine FAQs

Q1: What is the scientific name of the Indian Crested Porcupine?

Ans: Hystrix indica

Q2: Where is the Indian Crested Porcupine primarily found?

Ans: Indian subcontinent and parts of Asia

New Nematode Species

April 7, 2026
New Nematode Species

New Nematode Species Latest News

Recently, researchers from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) have identified two new species of free-living marine nematodes off the coast of Tamil Nadu and named them Corononema dhriti and Epacanthion indica.

About Corononema dhriti and Epacanthion indica

Corononema dhriti

  • It is a free-living marine nematodes found off the coast of Tamil Nadu
  • It is named in honor of Dr. Dhriti Banerjee, Director of the Zoological Survey of India,
  • It is only the fourth known species of this genus globally.
  • It was previously documented only in Australia, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Epacanthion indica

  • It is named after the nation of its discovery; this species stands out due to its complex anatomy.
  • Unlike many nematodes that feed on microbes, E. indica possesses specialized mandibles and “teeth,” positioning it as a microscopic predator within the benthic food web.

What are Nematodes?

  • These are any worm of the phylum Nematoda.
  • They occur as parasites in animals and plants or as free-living forms in soil, fresh water, marine environments, and even such unusual places as vinegar, beer malts, and water-filled cracks deep within Earth’s crust.
  • Features
    • Nematodes are bilaterally symmetrical, elongate, and usually tapered at both ends.
    • Some species possess a pseudocoel, a fluid-filled body cavity between the digestive tract and the body wall.
    • Distribution: They have been reported from every continent on earth and occur in deserts, swamps, the oceans, the tropics and Antarctica.
  • Significance of marine nematodes
    • Nutrient Cycling: Breaking down organic waste and recycling essential nutrients back into the ocean.
    • Sediment Health: Maintaining the stability and productivity of coastal sediments.
    • Bio-Indicators: Serving as vital markers for environmental health and climate change impact.

Source: IBG News

New Nematode Species FAQs

Q1: Where were Corononema dhriti and Epacanthion indica discovered?

Ans: Off the coast of Tamil Nadu

Q2: What is distinctive about Epacanthion indica?

Ans: Its complex anatomy and predatory behavior

Government e Marketplace

April 7, 2026
Government e Marketplace

Government e Marketplace Latest News

The Government e Marketplace (GeM) has achieved a cumulative Gross Merchandise Value (GMV) of ₹18.4 lakh crore, including crossing ₹5 lakh crore GMV in the financial year 2025–26.  

About Government e Marketplace

  • It is India’s national public procurement portal launched in 2016 by the Ministry of Commerce & Industry.
  • It enhances transparency, efficiency and inclusivity in procurement.
  • It is the portal for procurement of goods and services for all Central Government and State Government Ministries, Departments, Public Sector Units (PSUs) and affiliated.
  • Features
    • It is a fully digital, cashless and system-driven platform that offers an end-to-end solution for all government buyers and sellers.
    • It uses AI-powered tools and a multilingual Learning Management System (LMS) to facilitate access to public procurement.
    • It also features voice-enabled navigation and region-specific training modules that support onboarding and transactions for sellers, including those in remote and underserved areas.

Objectives of GeM Portal

  • To increase efficiency, transparency and speed in public procurement
  • To provide multiple modes of procurement like direct purchase; bidding with reverse e-auction; e-bidding and direct reverse auction.
  • To make ministries/ government departments to mandatorily procure goods and services from the portal
  • To enable efficient price discovery; economies of scale and dissemination of best practices

Source: PIB

Government e Marketplace FAQs

Q1: What are the benefits of GeM?

Ans: Enhanced transparency and efficiency

Q2: Who can register on GeM?

Ans: Proprietor firms, startups, MSMEs, companies, and service providers

Madras Hedgehog

April 7, 2026
Madras Hedgehog

Madras Hedgehog Latest News

The first analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of the Madras hedgehog (Paraechinus nudiventris) has helped shed some more valuable insight into the evolutionary history of the enigmatic species.

About Madras Hedgehog

  • Madras Hedgehog, locally known as Mulleli is a tiny mammal.
  • It is also known as the bare-bellied hedgehog, discovered in 1851.
  • Habitat: The species prefers dry scrublands, thorn forests, grasslands and the edges of farmlands. 
  • Distribution: It is found only in peninsular India, primarily across Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and parts of Karnataka.
  • Features
    • It has sharp spines on its back and soft white fur on its belly.
    • Its spines offer protection from predators such as foxes, jackals and mongooses.
    • It is a nocturnal species curls into a ball to protect itself from danger.
    • It has mastered survival in some of the harshest and driest landscapes.
    • Life Span: It has a short lifespan of five to six years.
    • Diet: It feeds on insects such as beetles, ants, earthworms and termites, apart from plants.
    • Conservation Status: IUCN: Least Concern
  • Ecological Role
    • It controls insect populations and aerates soil.
    • It supports the delicate web of life in India’s dry ecosystems.
  • Threats: Its population declined largely due to hunting driven by mythical beliefs that its quills and meat have medicinal value.

Source: TH

Madras Hedgehog FAQs

Q1: What is distinctive about the Madras Hedgehog's appearance?

Ans: Its spines or quills

Q2: Where is the Madras Hedgehog primarily found?

Ans: Southern India

Psychedelics

April 7, 2026
Psychedelics

Psychedelics Latest News

Recent study revealed that Psychedelics can temporarily ‘loosen’ the brain patterns that support the feeling of a ‘me’, allowing researchers to watch that system reorganise itself in real time.

About Psychedelics

  • These are drugs that induce states of altered perception, behaviour, consciousness and thought, often with increased awareness of the senses.
  • Psychedelics are non-addictive and non-toxic. Compared to illicit drugs, psychedelics cause much less harm to the end user.
  • The term ‘psychedelic’ comes from two Greek words denoting mind or soul and manifesting.
  •  It is a subset of psychotropic substances that can alter a person’s thoughts and perceptions, and elicit intense hallucinations.
  • Most psychedelics work by increasing the availability of serotonin—a mood stabilising hormone—in the brain by binding to serotonin receptors (a molecule on the cell surface that binds to a specific chemical, causing a specific effect).
  • Regulation in India: In India, the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act 1985 prohibits the use of psychedelic substances. 
  • These are categorised into two broad categories
    • Classical psychedelics: These are thought to trigger hallucinations by activating a receptor called serotonin 5-HT, which is widely present in the human body, from the gastrointestinal tract to platelets to the nervous system. Examples: LSD, psilocybin and DMT
    • Nonclassical psychedelics: These psychedelics bind to varied receptors. Examples: ketamine and MDMA
  • Used for research: Five psychedelics are the subject of clinical research for use in treating mental health problems: psilocybin; lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD); 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine (MDMA); ketamine and N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT).

Source: TH

Psychedelics FAQs

Q1: What is a common characteristic of psychedelics?

Ans: They alter perception, thought, and mood

Q2: What is a potential therapeutic use of psychedelics?

Ans: Treating depression

Tar Balls

April 7, 2026
Tar Balls

Tar Balls Latest News

Recently, the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change has released draft rules aimed at managing ‘tar balls’ to protect the coastline and marine environment from oil spills

About Tar Balls

  • Tar balls are small, dark, sticky blobs of weathered oil that form in marine environments due to oil spills or natural seeps.
  • Formation
    • Tar balls are formed by weathering of crude oil in marine environments. They are transported from the open sea to the shores by sea currents and waves.
    • They undergo physical, chemical, and biological processes, resulting in semi-solid or solid lumps that often wash ashore, causing environmental damage and posing risks to human health. ​
    • Some of the balls are as big as a basketball while others are smaller globules.
  • Composition: These tar balls contain toxic contaminants, such as heavy metals, trace elements, and persistent organic pollutants, 
  • Impacts of Tar Balls
    • Biodiversity: They often accumulate on beaches and pose a danger to seabirds, fish, and marine animals, such as sea turtles, which may mistakenly ingest them, thinking they are food.
    • India’s western coast, particularly the area from Gujarat to Goa, is significantly affected by tar balls, especially during the seasonal period from April to September.

Source: NIE

Tar Balls FAQs

Q1: Where are tar balls commonly found?

Ans: On beaches and coastlines

Q2: How are tar balls formed?

Ans: Through natural weathering of oil spills

Annual Survey of Incorporated Services Sector Enterprises

April 7, 2026
Annual Survey of Incorporated Services Sector Enterprises

Annual Survey of Incorporated Services Sector Enterprises Latest News

Recently, the National Statistics Office (NSO) has launched the first-ever Annual Survey of Incorporated Services Sector Enterprises (ASISSE).

About Annual Survey of Incorporated Services Sector Enterprises

  • It is launched by the National Statistics Office, under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).
  • It is aimed at developing a comprehensive database of the incorporated services sector of the country.
  • The survey uses the Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN) database as a sampling frame.
  • The survey covers corporate entities in the services sector – companies registered under the Companies Act, 1956/2013 or Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008. 
  • The ASISSE will survey over 1.21 lakh enterprises, making it one of the largest exercises of its kind.
  • It will be conducted under the provisions of Collection of Statistics Act, 2008, as amended in 2017 and through the Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act, 2023.

Key Facts about National Statistical Office

  • It is the central statistical agency of India responsible for collecting, processing, and disseminating official statistical data.
  • The NSO was formed in 2019 by merging two key statistical bodies to improve efficiency, coordination, and data quality in India’s statistical system.
  • It plays a crucial role in evidence-based policymaking, planning, and governance.
  • The NSO is headed by the Chief Statistician of India (CSI), who oversees all statistical activities and ensures coordination between departments..
  • It functions under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.

Source: PIB

Annual Survey of Incorporated Services Sector Enterprises FAQs

Q1: What are incorporated service sector enterprises?

Ans: Entities registered under Companies Act, 1956 or Companies Act, 2013 or Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) Act, 2008

Q2: What is the aim of the Annual Survey of Incorporated Services Sector Enterprises?

Ans: It is aimed at developing a comprehensive database of the incorporated services sector of the country.

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

April 7, 2026
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Latest News

Recently, the European Union (EU) Parliament approved updated EU water pollution standards and added Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) into the pollutants list which needs to be monitored.

About Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

  • These are toxic, man-made, hazardous chemicals. 
  • These are also known as the Forever Chemicals, are a large chemical family of over 4,700
  • They are a large family of fluorinated chemicals that have partially or completely fluorinated carbon chains of varied lengths. 
  • Because the carbon-fluorine bond is one of the strongest, these chemicals do not degrade easily in the environment.
  • Subgroups: Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
  • These subgroups are currently listed under the Stockholm Convention as industrial POPs.
  • How Are People Exposed to PFAS?
    • They are ingredients in various everyday products. For example, PFAS are used to keep food from sticking to packaging or cookware, make clothes and carpets resistant to stains
    • PFAS are used in the aerospace, automotive, construction, and electronics industries. Over time, PFAS may leak into the soil, water, and air.
    • People are most likely exposed to these chemicals by consuming PFAS-contaminated water or food, using products made with PFAS, or breathing air containing PFAS. 
  • Impacts of PFAS on Human Health: Decreased fertility, developmental effects in children, interference with body hormones, increased cholesterol levels, and increased risk of some cancers.
  • Regulation: The Stockholm Convention has listed some PFAS, such as Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), as persistent organic pollutants (POPs).

Source: DTE

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances FAQs

Q1: What is a major environmental concern associated with PFAS?

Ans: They persist in the environment and contaminate water

Q2: What are PFAS

Ans: A group of synthetic chemicals used in various products

Guru Tegh Bahadur

April 7, 2026
Guru Tegh Bahadur

Guru Tegh Bahadur Latest News

Recently, the Prime Minister of India offered homage to Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji, a towering spiritual great of our civilization, on the sacred occasion of Parkash Purab. 

About Guru Tegh Bahadur

  • Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621–1675) was the ninth of ten Gurus of the Sikh religion.
  • He was born as Tyaga Mal.
  • He came to be known by the name Teg Bahadur (Mighty of The Sword), given to him by Guru Hargobind after he showed his valour in a battle against the Mughals.
  • In 1664, Guru Teg Bahadur succeeded Guru Har Krishan Ji as the ninth Sikh Guru. 
  • He was revered with the honour of 'Hind Di Chadar'.
  • He  raised an army against the Mughals and introduced the concept of warrior saints.
  • Life and Works
    • He built the city of Anandpur Sahib (in Rupnagar/Ropar district, on the edge of Shivalik Hills, near the Sutlej River, in Punjab). 
      • Here the last two Sikh Gurus lived and where Guru Gobind Singh Ji founded the Khalsa Panth in 1699.
    • He contributed more than 100 poetic hymns to the Granth Sahib, which cover various topics, such as the nature of God, human attachments, body, mind, dignity, service, etc.
  • His martyrdom is remembered as the Shaheedi Divas of Guru Tegh Bahadur every year on 24 November, according to the Nanakshahi calendar released by the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee in 2003.

Source: PIB

Guru Tegh Bahadur FAQs

Q1: Who is Guru Tegh Bahadur?

Ans: 9th Sikh Guru

Q2: What is Guru Tegh Bahadur known for?

Ans: His martyrdom for religious freedom

Enquire Now