Y chromosome

Key findings:

• Researchers have discovered that the Y chromosome possesses genes that are vital to biological functions, including those linked to ageing and lifespan regulation.
• Genome sequences of the Neanderthals, an ancient relative of the modern human, harbour telltale signs of the replacement of the Y chromosome beginning from modern humans. 
• The Y chromosome may have to relinquish its title of “master of maleness” to another chromosome in the times to come.

What is a chromosome?

• It is a thread-like structure located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells.
• Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
• It is passed from parents to offspring.
• DNA contains the specific instructions that make each type of living creature unique.
• In humans, in addition to the 22 pairs of chromosomes in each, we have a pair of sex chromosomes called X and Y.
• All biological males have X and Y chromosomes and all biological females have two X chromosomes.
• The y chromosome known as the “master of maleness,” determines the biological male sex and carries genes that play a role in sex determination.

Q1) What are Proteins?

Proteins are macromolecules composed of amino acids and play a crucial role in various biological processes. They are involved in nearly every aspect of cell function and are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of tissues and organs in the human body.

Source: Explained | The remarkable endurance of the Y chromosome, ‘master of maleness’