Pilgrimage Sites in India, Names, Top 10 Religious Places List

A pilgrimage is a journey or quest for moral or spiritual significance. Many religions attach spiritual significance to certain locations. These locations are deemed holy because of mythical or theological beliefs associated with them. India is certainly a holy land, filled with pilgrimage sites such as temples, beautiful churches, serene monasteries, mosques, and majestic gurudwaras. 

Pilgrimage tourism is a significant part of domestic tourism in India. India, as a confluence of several religions, has long attracted pilgrims from all over the world.

Hindu Pilgrimage Sites in India

The Rig Veda and Atharva Veda are the earliest sources of information on sacred places. Following the Vedic period, pilgrimage appears to have grown extremely frequent across India. 

• Sacred sites in Mahabharata: Mahabharata mentions seven sacred mountains.
  • These are Raivatka, Vindhya, Sahya, Kumara, Malaya, Sri-parvata, and Pariyatra.
  • Mahabharata also lists over 300 sacred sites covering the subcontinent.
• Seven sacred places: Ayodhya, Mathura, Haridwar, Kashi, Kanchi, Avantika (Ujjain), and Dvaravati (Dwarka) are believed to possess the power to grant salvation to one who visits them.
• Char Dham: Char Dham is a set of four holy pilgrimage sites namely Badrinath, Dwarka, Puri, and Rameswaram, that Hindus believe are important for achieving salvation.
• Dwadasa (12) Jyotirlingas: A Jyotirlinga, which means "almighty's radiant sign," is a devotional representation or image of Lord Shiva. 
• The twelve jyotirlingas are in India namely, Somnath (Gujarat), Mallikarjuna (Andhra Pradesh), Mahakaleswar (Madhya Pradesh), Omkareshwar (Madhya Pradesh), Kedarnath (Uttarakhand), Viswanath (Uttar Pradesh), Baidyanath (Jharkhand), Ramanatha Swamy (Tamil Nadu) and Nageswar, Trimbakeshwar, Bhimashankar, Ghushmeshwara, and Vaidyanath Jyotirlinga is in Maharashtra.
• Sun Temples: Dedicated to the Sun god Surya, there are quite a few Sun temples in the country. 
• Examples: Modhera Sun Temple (Gujarat), Konark Sun Temple (Odhisha), Sun Temple, Martand (Jammu and Kashmir), Dakshinaarka Temple (Bihar), etc.

Temples

The Hindus have a large number of temples from the Himalayas in the north to Kanya Kumari in the south. 

• North India Temples: Badrinath Temple, Vrindavan, Kedarnath, Kashi Vishwanath Temple, Amarnath Cave, Vaishno Devi, etc. 
• South India Temples: Meenakshi Temple, Venkateswara Temple, Ramanathaswamy Temple, Brihadeshwara Temple, Vitthala Temple, Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple and many others.
• West India Temples: Somnath Temple, Dwarkadhish Temple, Nageshvara Jyotirlinga, Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga, Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga, Modhera's Sun Temple, and many others.
• East India Temples: Kamakhya Devi Temple, Shri Govindajee, Tripura Sundari Temple, Unakoti Hill Temples, Dakshineswar Temple etc.

Some Notable Hindu Pilgrimage Sites
Ram Mandir, Ayodhya (UP) It is the birthplace of Bhagwan Shri Ram, one of the seven most important pilgrimage sites.	Mathura, Vrindavan (UP) It is the traditional birthplace of the god Krishna and one of the seven sacred cities of the Hindus.	Kashi, Banaras (UP) Hindus believe that anyone who dies in the holy territory of Varanasi will achieve salvation. The most significant place is Kashi Vishwanath temple (jyotirlinga).
Dwarkadhish Temple, Dwarka (Gujrat) It is one of the Char Dham, established by Lord Krishna’s great-grandson, Vajranabh.	Rameshwaram (Tamil Nadu) The temple is associated with Lord Rama from the Indian epic Ramayana.	Kamakhya Devi Temple (Assam) The temple is dedicated to the powerful Goddess Kamakhya, who embodies the essence of femininity, fertility, and desire.
Konark Sun Temple (Odisha) The temple is dedicated to the sun god, also known as Surya.	Meenakshi Temple (Tamil Nadu) The temple is dedicated to the goddess Meenakshi and her consort Lord Shiva.	Badrinath (Uttarakhand) Badrinath Temple is one of the Char Dham, dedicated to Lord Vishnu.

Buddhist Pilgrimage Sites

Buddhism received support from Emperors like Bimbisara of theMagadha Empire and Ashoka of the Mauryan Empire which resulted in the establishment of numerous viharas (monasteries) and stupas. 

• In the nineteenth century, British archaeologist Sir Alexander Cunningham uncovered many Buddhist structures.
• These stupas, viharas and mahaviharas are part ofBuddhist pilgrimage sites in India. 

• During his last sermon, Buddha named the four most essential places for the Buddhist 'Dharma Yatra': Lumbini, Bodhgaya, Sarnath, and Kushinagar.

Lumbini Buddha was born in Lumbini.		Bodhgaya Gautama Buddha gained enlightenment in Bodhgaya.
Sarnath (Uttar Pradesh) He preached his first sermon at Sarnath.		Kushinagar (Uttar Pradesh) He achieved Mahaparinirvana in Kushinagar.

• Other Significant Buddhist Places are: 
• Rajgir (Bihar): Buddha used this city as his monsoon retreat, and preached his Dharma. In Rajgir, the Buddha gave his sermons from the striking Gridhakuta Hill.

• Vaishali: Five years after his enlightenment at Bodhgaya, the Buddha came to Vaishali. It was in Vaishali, that women were ordained into the Sangha for the first time.
• Among the important sights here, are the Relic Stupa or ‘Stupa 1’ and Kutagarshala Vihar.

• Nalanda: Both Buddha and the Mahavira visited the Nalanda. One of Buddha’s disciples, Sariputra, attained Nirvana here. Nalanda University excavations reveal the extensive remains of 11 monasteries and 5 temples. 

• Important Buddhist Monasteries:Hemis Monastery (Ladakh), Namgyal Monastery (Himachal Pradesh), Tawang Monastery (Arunachal Pradesh), Shashur Monastery (Himachal Pradesh), Kye Gompa Monastery (Himachal Pradesh) etc.

Jain Pilgrimage Sites

In the ancient days, Magadha (modern Bihar) was the cradle of Jainism but nowadays the Jain community is strongest in western India. Rajasthan and Gujarat are particularly rich in Jain temples and places of pilgrimage. Some of the important Jain religious heritage sitesare as follows:

• Bihar: Bihar is a holy place for the Jains as the last Tirthankara of the Jains was born here. It is in this land that he gave up his worldly belongings, meditated for years, and preached the Jain way of life for the liberation of the self.
  • Mount Parsavantha (Bihar): It is believed that here twenty of the twenty-four Tirthankara left their last earthly bodies, and achieved the moksa.

• Jal Mandir Pawapuri, Bihar: A temple stands at the place where Mahavira is reputed to have achieved moksa and another at the site where his body was cremated.

• Jain Mandir, at Rajgir: The Digambar Jains believe that Lord Mahavira, was born here.

• Jain Temple, at Jamui: It serves as a gateway to Kshatriya Kund Gramme, which is Lord Mahavira's birthplace.

• Rajasthan: 
  • Jaisalmer: Jaisalmer attracts many scholars to its famous library of Jain manuscripts.
  • Ranakpur Temple: The main sanctuary has four six-foot white marble statues of Risabha, the first Tirthankara, facing the four directions.

• Dilwara Temples on Mount Abu:The temples were built between the 11th and 16th centuries and are dedicated to various Jain Tirthankaras. The temple complex has five main temples, namely, Vimal Vasahi, Luna Vasahi, Pithalhar, Parshvanath, and Mahavir Swami. 

• Gujarat: Girnar is so rich in temples and shrines that it has been described as a temple city. It is celebrated as the place where the Tirthankara Neminatha achieved moksha. 
  • Temple of Neminath, Mount Girnar: The temple is in a rectangular courtyard surrounded by some seventy Tirthankara images. Girnar Hill is thought to be the Nirvana bhumi of the 22nd Tirthankara, Lord Neminatha. 

• Palitana temples on Shatrunjaya Hill, Bhavnagar: It was here that the first Tirthankara, Risabha as well as his chief follower is said to have achieved moksha. Hundreds of temples and smaller shrines have been built within the nine-walled enclosures starting from the 11th century.

• Karnataka: Shravanabelagola is home to the world's tallest monolithic statue of Lord Gometeshwara, constructed in 981 AD by Chamundaraya, a Ganga warrior. 
• It is carved out of a single block of granite and looms on the top of Vindhyagiri Hill.

Other Pilgrimage Sites in India

India features pilgrimage places for many different religions, including temples, shrines, mosques, and churches. Apart from the above-mentioned sites, the pilgrimage sites of Muslims, Sikhs, and Christians also find places in India. 

Muslim Pilgrimage Sites

In 570 CE, Hazrat Mohammad established Islam as a religion in Mecca. Arab merchants introduced Islam to India. They were succeeded by Turks, who formed a Sultanate(State) in India. 

• In India, Dargahs are considered as holy places. A Dargah is a Sufi shrine built over the grave of a revered religious figure, often a Sufi saint or dervish.
• Examples: 
  • Dargah of Mu'in al-Din Chishti at Ajmer Sharif
  • Salim Chisti at Fatehpur Sikri
  • Dargah of a holy man near Srirangapattanam
  • Sherif Dargah at Gulburga
  • Hazratbal and Charar-i-Sharif in Kashmir
  • Dargah of Hazrat Nizamuddin

Christian Pilgrimage Sites

The Christian faith did not start in India, but it has a wonderful relationship with the country. According to legend, in AD 52, St. Thomas sailed from Eastern Asia and became the first to convert many Indians to Christianity. He is revered as a martyred saint in Madras and is buried at the San Thomé Cathedral site.

• Examples of pilgrimages are St. Aloysius Church in Mangalore, St. Xavier Church in Goa, Velankani in Tamilnadu, St. Philomena at Mysore, Mother Teresa church in Calcutta, and others.

Sikh Pilgrimage Sites

Sikhism was founded in Punjab by Guru Nanak and it is a monotheistic religion. Sikh worship places are called Takhts, which means 'the seat of the divine power', and Gurudwaras, which means 'the entryway to the master'. In India, there are multiple Gurudwaras but only five Takhts. These are: 

• Takht Keshgarh Sahib, Anandpur Sahib: The birthplace of 'Khalsa', Anandpur Sahib is the holiest town of the Rupnagar district and is listed as one of the five sacred takhts (seats) of Sikhism.

• Akal Takht, Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple): It is located in Amritsar, once the dense forest home of Guru Nanak. It is famous for its full golden dome. Guru Hargobind Singh founded the Akal Takht. 
• Takht Damdama Sahib (Talwandi Sabo, Punjab): A this pace, Guru Gobind Singh wrote the complete version of Guru Granth Sahib. 
• Takht Patna Sahib (Patna): Situated on the banks of the Ganga, it is the birthplace of Guru Gobind Singh. 
• Takht Sachkhand Shri Hazur Abchalnagar Sahib (Nanded, Maharashtra): Located on the bank of River Godavari, it is the place whereGuru Gobind Singh breathed last. 
• Gurudwaras: Apart from the Takhts, important gurudwaras arePaonta Sahib, Manikaran Sahib Gurdwara and Rewalsar Lake in Himachal Pradesh, Gurudwara Rakab Ganj and Gurudwara Sis Ganj Bangla Sahib in Delhi, Hemkund Sahib in Uttarakhand, etc. 

Government Initiatives to Promote Pilgrimage

The Government has launched many schemes for developing infrastructure at tourist destinations, including religious sites.

• Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spirituality Augmentation Drive (PRASAD): It was launched in 2014-15 by the Union Ministry of Tourism.
  • It aims at the integrated development of pilgrimage destinations in a planned, prioritised, and sustainable manner to provide a complete religious tourism experience.
• Swadesh Darshan: It was launched in 2015 by the Union Ministry of Tourism to develop sustainable and responsible tourism destinations in the country and develop circuits having tourist potential in a planned and prioritized manner. 
• Theme-based Tourist Circuits: There are several theme-based tourist circuits under the scheme including religious circuits such as the Buddhist circuit, Krishna circuit, Spiritual circuit, Sufi circuit, and Ramayana circuit.
• Swadesh Darshan 2.0: The objective for the Swadesh Darshan 2.0 scheme envisages an increase in private sector investment in tourism & hospitality.
• Char Dham Project: The Char Dham project envisages all-weather connectivity to four major pilgrimage sites in Uttarakhand - Kedarnath, Badrinath, Yamunotri, and Gangotri.
  • It is a two-lane expressway scheme being executed in Uttarakhand.

Pilgrimage Sites in India FAQs

Q1. What is a pilgrimage?

Ans. A pilgrimage is a journey or search of moral or spiritual significance. Many religions attach spiritual importance to a particular place. 

Q2. What are the seven holy pilgrimages of India?

Ans. The Seven sacred places of India are Ayodhya, Mathura, Haridwar, Kashi, Kanchi, Avantika (Ujjain), and Dvaravati (Dwarka). These are believed to possess the power to grant salvation to one who visits them.

Q3. What are the char dhams of India?

Ans. Char Dham is a set of four holy pilgrimage sites namely Badrinath, Dwarka, Puri, and Rameswaram, that Hindus believe are important for achieving salvation.

Q4. Which place is known as spiritual capital of India?

Ans. Varanasi, in the Uttar Pradesh state of India, is one of the oldest cities in India and is also known as the spiritual capital of India.

Q5. What are the famous pilgrimage centres in India?

Ans. The famous pilgrimage centres in India are Badrinath Temple, Vrindavan, Kedarnath, Kashi Vishwanath Temple, Vaishno Devi, Golden Temple, Meenakshi Temple, Somnath Temple, Mahakaleshwar, Modhera's Sun Temple, Kamakhya Devi Temple, Rankanpur Jain temple Bodhgaya, Sarnath, etc.