UPSC Prelims 2023 Question:

‘Microsatellite DNA' is used in the case of which one of the following?

Learn more about Microsatellite DNA from the given explanation below.

Explanation:

Microsatellite DNA is utilised in genetic analysis, more specifically in molecular genetics and genomics. Microsatellites are small DNA sequences made up of repeating units. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs) or simple sequence repeats (SSRs). These repeating units, which are typically 1-6 base pairs in length, are repeated in tandem, and the amount of repetitions varies between individuals. The number of repeats at a certain microsatellite locus might vary greatly between people in a population because microsatellite DNA is highly variable.

Uses of Microsatellite DNA

• Microsatellite DNA has a number of different uses, including:
• DNA fingerprinting: Microsatellite DNA can be used to create a unique DNA fingerprint for an individual. This can be used for forensic identification, paternity testing, and other purposes.
• Genetic mapping: Microsatellite DNA can be used to map the location of genes in the genome. This can be used to identify genes that are associated with diseases or other traits.
• Population genetics: Microsatellite DNA can be used to study the genetic diversity of populations. This can be used to understand how populations have evolved and to identify populations that are at risk of extinction.
• Conservation genetics: Microsatellite DNA can be used to study the genetic diversity of endangered species. This information can be used to develop conservation strategies for these species.
• Researchers can analyse the genetic structure, population dynamics, and evolutionary relationships among various species of animals by analysing microsatellite DNA. Microsatellite markers are very valuable in population genetics, conservation genetics, and phylogenetic research.
  
  

Therefore, option (1) is the correct answer.

Subject: Science & Technology | Biology