UPSC Prelims 2019 Question:

Consider the following pairs

Sl. No.	Movement / Organisation		Leaders
1.	All India Anti-Untouchability League	:	Mahatma Gandhi
2.	All India Kisan Sabha	:	Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
3.	Self-Respect Movement	:	E. V Ramaswami Naicker

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Explanation:

• British Prime Minister, Ramsay MacDonald announced the Communal Award (1932) based on the findings of the Indian Franchise Committee (Lothian Committee). This award accorded separate electorates and reserved seats for minorities, including the depressed classes. It was perceived by the national leaders as another manifestation of the British policy of divide and rule. To undo these divisive intentions of the government, Mahatma Gandhi launched a campaign against untouchability while in jail. He set up the All India Anti-Untouchability League and signed the Poona pact in September 1932. So, pair 1 is correctly matched.
  
  
• Swami Sahajanand Saraswati established the All India Kisan Sabha in 1936 as a peasant's wing of the communist party of India. He has earlier established the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha (1929). He was elected the President and N.G. Ranga was elected as the General Secretary of All India Kisan Sabha. So, pair 2 is correctly matched.
  
  
• The Self-Respect Movement was started by E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker in the mid-1920s. The movement rejected the brahminical religion and culture which Naicker felt was the cause of the exploitation of the lower castes. So, pair 3 is correctly matched.
  
  

Therefore, option (4) is the correct answer.

Relevance: The Union Civil Aviation Minister informed the Lok Sabha that there is no plan in place to name the under-construction Bihta Airport after Swami Sahajanand Saraswati.

Subject: History | Social and Religious Reform Movements