UPSC Prelims 2019 Question:

Which of the following are the reasons for the occurrence of multi-drug resistance in microbial pathogens in India?

1. Genetic predisposition of some people 
2. Taking incorrect doses of antibiotics to cure diseases 
3. Using antibiotics in livestock farming 
4. Multiple chronic diseases in some people
   
   

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Explanation: 

Antimicrobial resistance – also known as drug resistance – occurs when microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change in ways that render the medications used to cure the infections they cause ineffective. When the microorganisms become resistant to most antimicrobials they are often referred to as “superbugs”. The evolution of antimicrobial resistant bacteria stems from a multitude of factors which are as follows:

• the most important being the widespread and inappropriate use of antimicrobials. So, point 2 is correct.
•  their extensive use as growth enhancers in animal feeds. So, point 3 is correct.

However, Genetic predisposition and multiple chronic diseases are not responsible for the occurrence of multi-drug resistance in microbial pathogens. So, points 1 and 4 are not correct.

Therefore, option (2) is the correct answer.

Subject: Science & Technology | Health and Diseases