UPSC Prelims 2016 Question:

Consider the following pairs:

SI. No.	Terms sometimes seen in the news		Their origin
1.	Annex-I Countries	:	Cartagena Protocol
2.	Certified Emissions Reductions	:	Nagoya Protocol
3.	Clean Development Mechanisms	:	Kyoto Protocol

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched? 

Explanation: 

• The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 1997 and entered into force in 2005. It is based on the principles and provisions of the Convention and follows its annex-based structure (Annex I & II Countries). It only binds developed countries, and places a heavier burden on them under the principle of “common but differentiated responsibility. So, pair 1 is not correctly matched.
  
  

• The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), defined in Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol. It allows a country with an emission-reduction or emission-limitation commitment under the Kyoto Protocol (Annex B Party) to implement an emission-reduction project. So, pair 3 is correctly matched.
  
  • In developing countries. Such projects can earn saleable certified emission reduction (CER) credits, each equivalent to one tonne of CO2, which can be counted towards meeting Kyoto targets. So, pair 2 is not correctly matched.
    
    

Therefore, option (3) is the correct answer.

Subject: Environment | Environmental Organisations and Conventions