Question
UPSC Prelims 2021 Question:
Consider the following statements:
- Adenoviruses have single stranded DNA genomes whereas retroviruses have double-stranded DNA genomes.
- Common cold is sometimes caused by an adenovirus whereas AIDS is caused by a retrovirus.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Detailed Solution
Explanation:
- Viruses come in many shapes and sizes, and only replicate when inside living cells. Most viruses contain 2 or 3 major parts: genetic information made up of RNA or DNA, a molecule chain to carry these genetic materials, and a protein coat to act as protection.
- The key difference between Adenovirus and Retrovirus is as follow:
|
Adenovirus |
Retrovirus |
|
This virus contains a double-stranded DNA. |
It is considered as a single stranded RNA virus. Retroviruses store their genetic information using RNA instead of DNA. So, statement 1 is not correct. |
|
An adenovirus is a non-enveloped virus, (meaning it has no protective protein coating). So, the genetic information is not stored inside the virus. |
A retrovirus is an example of an enveloped virus, making it more resilient and causing a higher tendency of infection or diseases. |
|
Adenoviruses are common viruses that typically cause mild cold- or flu-like illness. Adenoviruses can cause illness in people of all ages any time of year. |
In humans, a retrovirus known as human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes a form of cancer called adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). The retrovirus known as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS in humans. So, statement 2 is correct. |
Therefore, option (2) is the correct answer.
Subject: Science & Technology | Health
Last updated on March, 2026
