UPSC Prelims 2020 Question:

What is the importance of using Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in India?

1. These vaccines are effective against pneumonia as well as meningitis and sepsis. 
2. Dependence on antibiotics that are not effective against drug resistant bacteria can be reduced.
3. These vaccines have no side effects and cause no allergic reactions.
   
   

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Explanation:

• Pneumococcal infections are caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae and can lead to pneumonia, blood poisoning (sepsis) and meningitis. These infections can cause permanent brain damage or even death. The Pneumococcal Vaccine (PCV) protects against serious and potentially fatal pneumococcal infections. It is also known as the pneumonia vaccine. So, statement 1 is correct.
  
  

• Vaccines can decrease Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) by preventing bacterial and viral infections, thereby reducing the use of antibiotics and by preventing antibiotic-resistant infections. These vaccines are less likely to induce resistance. So, statement 2 is correct.
  
  

• PCV does not contain any live bacteria and considered to be very safe. Although, like all vaccinations, it can cause side effects such as decreased appetite, a slightly raised temperature, irritability redness and swelling at the site of the injection. So, statement 3 is not correct.
  
  

Therefore, option (2) is the correct answer.

Subject: Science & Technology | Health and Diseases