Girdling

Girdling Latest News

In an attempt to save over 500 trees, which were girdled allegedly by encroachers in Karka village deep inside the Udanti Sitanadi Tiger Reserve (USTR) recently, the Chhattisgarh forest department is seeking expert help – in the form of a “surgery” or bridge-grafting technique.

About Girdling

• Girdling is a commonly used habitat and forest management technique that deadens a tree without felling it for a specific purpose. 
• Girdling involves the removal of bark and cambium from the target tree using continuous and connected cuts that completely encircle the entire tree. 
• It destroys the cambium so no growth can occur and disrupts the flow of water and nutrients in the tree. 
• As a result, roots are starved of nutrients, and the plant cannot grow more stems and foliage. 
• Unless the plant can heal over the wound, it will die.
• Uses:
  • Girdling is often used to control or eradicate large woody species where physical removal of woody biomass would be undesirable, unpopular, or cost prohibitive. 
  • Killing an undesirable tree in place by girdling also has the benefit of leaving standing snags for wildlife. 
  • Additionally, there is lower visual impact where the sudden removal of an entire stand would affect the area’s aesthetics. Since die-off is gradual (taking months to years), the visual change in the area is slower. 
  • Killing mature trees slowly can also give replacement plantings time to grow.
  • This technique generally has a low impact on cultural resources, erosion, and surrounding habitat because it is highly selective and does not disturb soil. 

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What is Cambium?

• It is a layer of actively dividing cells between xylem (wood) and phloem (bast) tissues that is responsible for the secondary growth of stems and roots. 
  • In secondary growth, a plant grows wider. Contrast this to primary growth, in which a plant grows taller. 
• Cambial cells divide to produce secondary xylem cells toward the central axis of the stem and secondary phloem cells toward the outside. 
• The cambium originates from undifferentiated cells that have retained their embryonic capacity for continued growth and differentiation. 
• A cambium may also form within callus tissues—masses of cells that grow over the injured surface of a wound, leading to healing. 
• In a typical woody stem, the arrangement from outside to inside is:
  • Bark → Phloem → Vascular cambium → Xylem → Inner stem

What is Bridge-Grafting?

• A bridge graft is an example of a repair graft. 
• It is done to rescue established trees that have been girdled by mechanical damage or animals. 
• Bridge-grafting consists of connecting the cambium layers above and below the girdled area. 
• This process restores the flow of carbohydrates from the leaves down to the roots, thereby allowing the tree to continue its normal life processes. 
• The connection or bridge is usually made with scions (Bridge Wood). Scions are taken from dormant one-year-old stems. 

News: IE