National Parks in India 2026, State Wise List, Map, Facts

National Parks in India are government-protected areas established to conserve wildlife, natural habitats, and ecological diversity. As of 2026, India currently has 107 National Parks and 573 Wildlife Sanctuaries. These protected areas serve as important centers for biodiversity conservation and wildlife protection. Madhya Pradesh and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands have the highest number of National Parks in India, with nine parks each.

National Parks in India

National Parks in India play a vital role in protecting wildlife and their natural habitats. These areas have strict rules that ban hunting, poaching, industrial activities, and farming to keep the environment undisturbed. With secure boundaries, no outside activities are allowed near or within these parks. The main purpose of National Parks in India is to conserve India’s diverse wildlife. Below is a List of National Parks in India 2026, which is useful for competitive exams and general knowledge.

List of National Parks in India 2026 State-wise

India proudly hosts around 107 national parks, each dedicated to preserving its remarkable biodiversity and distinctive landscapes. Here’s a List of National Parks in India 2026 State-wise, for easy reference.

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National Parks in India Map

There are 107 National Parks in India as of 2026 covering around 44,403 km2 covering the diverse including the Himalayas to coastal regions. The First National Park in India is Jim Corbett National Park which was initially known as Hailey National Park established in 1936 in Uttarakhand where as South Button Island NP in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands, which is referred as the Smallest National Park in India about 5 km². 

What is a National Park?

A National Park is a protected area established by the government under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 to conserve wildlife, flora, and natural ecosystems. These parks aim to safeguard biodiversity and provide a secure habitat for endangered species. Human activities like hunting, poaching, and commercial use of resources are strictly prohibited within their boundaries. National Parks also promote eco-tourism, environmental education, and scientific research to maintain ecological balance and awareness.

National Park in India Features

• Legal Protection: National Parks are legally protected; activities like hunting, grazing, and forestry are prohibited.
• Wildlife Conservation: They serve as safe habitats for endangered and native species of animals and birds.
• Ecological Balance: Helps in preserving ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural landscapes.
• Public Access: Generally open to visitors for education and eco-tourism under strict rules.
• Scientific Research: Provide opportunities for research, wildlife monitoring, and conservation studies.

Oldest National Parks in India

Corbett National Park, established in 1936, is the Oldest National Parks in India. Located in the Himalayas in Uttarakhand, it was initially named Hailey National Park. Renowned for its rich biodiversity, the park is especially famous for being the first area to come under the Project Tiger initiative in 1973. Jim Corbett Tiger Reserve is home to Bengal tigers, elephants, leopards, and hundreds of bird species, making it one of the most prominent wildlife sanctuaries in India.

Smallest National Parks in India

South Button Island National Park is the Smallest National Parks in India covering an area of just 5 sq.km. It is located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, off the southeastern coast of the Indian mainland. Despite its small size, the park is rich in marine biodiversity, offering vibrant coral reefs, sea turtles, and exotic fish species. It forms part of the Rani Jhansi Marine National Park and is a popular site for scuba diving.

Newest National Parks in India

Dihing Patkai National Park is the Newest National Parks in India, established in June 2021. It is located in the Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts of Assam and spans an area of 231.65km2. Known as the “Amazon of the East,” the park is rich in biodiversity and forms part of the largest stretch of lowland rainforest in India. It is home to rare and endangered species like the clouded leopard, hoolock gibbon, and several species of hornbills.

Largest National Parks in India

Hemis National Park is the Largest National Parks in India in India by area. It is located in the eastern part of Ladakh (previously part of Jammu and Kashmir) in northern India and spans an area of approximately 4,400 square kilometers. Nestled in the trans-Himalayan region, this park is renowned for being the highest altitude national park in the country and serves as a vital sanctuary for the elusive snow leopard, along with other rare wildlife like the Tibetan wolf, red fox, and bharal (blue sheep).

National Parks in India 2026 Facts

1. Hemis National Park (Jammu & Kashmir): The largest national park in India, famous for its snow leopard population.
2. South Button Island National Park (Andaman & Nicobar Islands): The smallest national park in India, known for its coral reefs and marine life.
3. Rann of Kutch (Gujarat): The largest wildlife sanctuary in India, home to the Indian wild ass and migratory birds.
4. Bor Tiger Reserve (Maharashtra): The smallest wildlife sanctuary in India, critical for tiger conservation.

Legal Provisions Related to Flora & Fauna in India

India has established several constitutional, legal, and policy measures to protect its rich flora and fauna. These provisions aim to conserve biodiversity, protect endangered species, prevent illegal wildlife trade, and ensure sustainable management of natural resources.

Constitutional Provisions

• Article 48A – Directs the State to protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife.
• Article 51A(g) – Makes it a Fundamental Duty of every citizen to protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife.
• Forests and Wildlife were transferred to the Concurrent List through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, allowing both the Centre and States to make laws on these subjects.

Major Laws for Flora & Fauna Conservation

• Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972
  • Provides legal protection to wild animals, birds, and plants.
  • Regulates hunting and wildlife trade.
  • Establishes National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, and Conservation Reserves.
  • Creates schedules for different levels of species protection.
• Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
  • Restricts the diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes without Central Government approval.
  • Helps prevent deforestation and habitat destruction.
• Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
  • Provides a comprehensive framework for environmental protection.
  • Empowers the Central Government to take measures for protecting ecosystems and biodiversity.
• Biological Diversity Act, 2002
  • Conserves biological diversity and promotes sustainable use of biological resources.
  • Ensures fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from biological resources.
  • Established the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA).
• Indian Forest Act, 1927
  • Regulates forest management and protection.
  • Controls forest produce and forest-related activities.

International Conventions Supported by India

• Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
• Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
• Ramsar Convention
• Convention on Migratory Species

Important Conservation Initiatives

• Project Tiger (1973)
• Project Elephant (1992)
• Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats
• National Biodiversity Action Plan
• Green India Mission

National Parks in India Importance

National Parks in India play a vital role in wildlife conservation, biodiversity protection, and the preservation of natural ecosystems. They help protect endangered species, maintain ecological balance, and ensure sustainable use of natural resources for future generations.

• Conservation of Wildlife: National Parks provide a safe and protected habitat for various wildlife species, including endangered animals such as the Bengal Tiger, Asiatic Lion, and One-Horned Rhinoceros.
• Protection of Biodiversity: These parks preserve a wide variety of flora and fauna, ensuring the survival of numerous plant, bird, reptile, and mammal species.
• Maintenance of Ecological Balance: National Parks help maintain healthy ecosystems by protecting forests, grasslands, wetlands, and other natural habitats that support life.
• Preservation of Natural Habitats: They prevent habitat destruction caused by deforestation, urbanization, and human encroachment, allowing wildlife to thrive in their natural environment.
• Climate Change Mitigation: Forests within National Parks act as carbon sinks, absorbing carbon dioxide and helping reduce the effects of global warming and climate change.
• Protection of Water Resources: Many National Parks safeguard rivers, lakes, wetlands, and watersheds, ensuring a continuous supply of clean water and supporting groundwater recharge.
• Scientific Research and Conservation Studies: National Parks serve as important centers for wildlife research, ecological studies, and biodiversity monitoring, helping scientists understand environmental changes.
• Promotion of Eco-Tourism: Parks attract millions of tourists every year, promoting sustainable tourism while creating awareness about wildlife conservation and environmental protection.
• Environmental Education and Awareness: They provide opportunities for students, researchers, and visitors to learn about ecosystems, wildlife, and conservation practices.
• Protection of Endangered Species: Several conservation programs are implemented within National Parks to protect species facing the risk of extinction and to increase their population.
• Support for Ecosystem Services: National Parks contribute to essential ecosystem services such as pollination, soil conservation, water purification, and nutrient cycling.
• Preservation of Genetic Diversity: They protect the genetic resources of plants and animals, which are important for future scientific research and species adaptation.
• Control of Soil Erosion: Forest vegetation and natural landscapes in National Parks help prevent soil erosion and land degradation.
• Boost to Local Economy: Eco-tourism and conservation-related activities generate employment opportunities for local communities, guides, forest staff, and tourism operators.
• Protection of India’s Natural Heritage: National Parks preserve India’s unique wildlife and natural landscapes, ensuring that future generations can experience and benefit from this rich ecological heritage.
• Support for National Conservation Programs: Many National Parks are part of initiatives such as Project Tiger and Project Elephant, which focus on protecting key wildlife species and their habitats.
• Disaster Risk Reduction: Healthy ecosystems within National Parks help reduce the impact of floods, droughts, landslides, and other natural disasters by stabilizing the environment.
• Contribution to Sustainable Development: National Parks support the goals of sustainable development by balancing environmental conservation with economic and social benefits.
• Conservation of Rare and Medicinal Plants: Many National Parks protect valuable medicinal and endemic plant species that are important for healthcare, research, and biodiversity conservation.