UPSC Prelims Current Affairs for 9 May 2026

Western Disturbances

May 9, 2026

Western Disturbances Latest News

Northwest India is enjoying a brief respite from rain and thunderstorms after the latest Western Disturbance weakened and moved eastward.

About Western Disturbances

They are extratropical storm systems that form over the Mediterranean Sea and travel eastwards towards the Indian subcontinent.
They carry moisture-laden air and interact with the subtropical jet stream, influencing weather conditions over vast regions, including parts of Pakistan, India, Nepal, and Bangladesh.
Western Disturbances primarily affect India during the winter months, from November to March.
They bring crucial rainfall and snowfall, vital for the Rabi crop season, especially in northwestern India, including Punjab, Haryana, and Delhi.

Why is it Named Western Disturbances?

Western Disturbances are named so because of their origin and movement patterns.
These weather systems originate from the western regions of the Earth, specifically from the Mediterranean region.
As they form over the Mediterranean Sea and adjacent areas, they are referred to as Western Disturbances.
The term “disturbance” indicates the disruptive nature of these weather systems as they travel eastwards from their origin towards the Indian subcontinent and beyond.
While they are called Western Disturbances in India, similar weather phenomena may be referred to by different names in other regions of the world, depending on their origin and impact.

Source: MC

Western Disturbances FAQs

Q1: What are Western Disturbances?

Ans: Extratropical storm systems that form over the Mediterranean Sea and move eastwards toward the Indian subcontinent.

Q2: Over which sea do Western Disturbances originate?

Ans: The Mediterranean Sea.

Q3: In which direction do Western Disturbances generally travel?

Ans: Eastwards.

Q4: Which countries are influenced by Western Disturbances?

Ans: India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh.

Q5: During which months do Western Disturbances mainly affect India?

Ans: Western Disturbances primarily affect India during the winter months, from November to March.

Panna Tiger Reserve

May 9, 2026

Panna Tiger Reserve Latest News

A recently rescued two-year-old tiger was found dead in the buffer area of Madhya Pradesh's Panna Reserve.

About Panna Tiger Reserve

Situated in the Vindhyan mountain range in the northern part of Madhya Pradesh, the reserve is spread over the Panna and Chhatarpur districts.
It is the only tiger reserve in the entire Bundhelkhand region.
It falls in biogeographic zones of the Deccan Peninsula and the Biotic Province of the Central highlands.

Panna Tiger Reserve Landscape

It is characterized by a ‘Table Top’ topography.
The terrain here consists of extensive plateaus and gorges.
Two plateaus run parallel to each other from southwest to northeasterly direction.
River: Flowing from the south to the north through the reserve is the River Ken.
The reserve is also dotted with two-thousand-year-old rock paintings.
The region surrounding the reserve is home to various indigenous tribes, each with its distinct culture and traditions. The Baiga and Gond tribes are among the prominent ones.
Flora:
- The dominant vegetation type is dry deciduous forest interspersed with grassland areas.
- It forms the northernmost tip of the natural teak forests and the easternmost tip of the natural Anogeissus pendula (Kardhai) forests.
- The tree species Acacia catachu dominates the dry, steep slopes of the plateaus here.
Fauna:
- It supports a sizable population of Tiger, Sloth Bear, Leopard, and Striped Hyena.
- Other prominent carnivores are Jackal, Wolf, Wild Dog, Jungle Cat, and Rusty Spotted Cat.
- It is also a haven for birdlife. Notable sightings include the white-necked stork, bar-headed goose, honey buzzard, blossom-headed parakeet, paradise flycatcher, slaty-headed scimitar babbler, and five species of vultures.

Source: NDTV

Panna Tiger Reserve FAQs

Q1: Where is the Panna Tiger Reserve located?

Ans: In the Vindhyan mountain range in northern Madhya Pradesh.

Q2: What type of topography characterizes the Panna Tiger Reserve?

Ans: Table Top topography.

Q3: Which river flows through the Panna Tiger Reserve?

Ans: The Ken River.

Q4: What is the dominant vegetation type in the Panna Tiger Reserve?

Ans: Dry deciduous forest interspersed with grasslands.

Grievance Redressal Assessment and Index

May 9, 2026

Grievance Redressal Assessment and Index Latest News

According to the department of administrative reforms and public Grievance, for March 2026 the department of financial services’ insurance division tops Grievance Redressal Assessment and Index (GRAI) Rankings in Group A Category.

About Grievance Redressal Assessment and Index

It is developed by the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG).
The first edition of GRAI 2022 was released on 21 June 2023.
Objective: It evaluates ministries and departments on the effectiveness and timeliness of grievance resolution through the Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System (CPGRAMS).
It has been formulated based on 4 dimensions (Efficiency, Feedback, ,Domain and Organisational Commitment and corresponding ) and 11 indicators.

Key Facts about Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System

It is an online platform available to the citizens 24×7 to lodge their grievances to the public authorities on any subject related to service delivery.
It was developed and monitored by the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG), Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances, and Pensions.
It is a single portal connected to all the ministries/departments of the Government of India and States.
The status of the grievance filed in CPGRAMS can be tracked with the unique registration ID provided at the time of registration of the complainant.
The grievances received on the CPGRAMS shall be resolved promptly as soon as they are received but within a maximum period of 21 days.

Source: PIB

Grievance Redressal Assessment and Index FAQs

Q1: How many dimensions are used in GRAI 2023?

Ans: 4 – Efficiency, Feedback, Domain, Organizational Commitment

Q2: What is the main purpose of GRAI?

Ans: Comparative assessment of grievance redressal to improve citizen-centric governance

D’Ering Memorial Wildlife Sanctuary

May 9, 2026

D’Ering Memorial Wildlife Sanctuary Latest News

Recently, a tiger was sighted in D’Ering Memorial Wildlife Sanctuary of Arunachal Pradesh after almost two decades.

About D’Ering Memorial Wildlife Sanctuary

Location: It is situated in the East Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh.
It lies on the border of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh in the floodplains of the river Siang and its tributaries.
It was established in 1976.
The sanctuary was previously known as Lali Wildlife Sanctuary after the declaration of Lali Reserve Forest as a sanctuary. It was renamed as D`Ering in 1986.
Climate: It enjoys a tropical climate and receives north-east and south-west monsoons.
Rivers: It is also home to the Siang River, which is one of the major rivers in Arunachal Pradesh.
Vegetation

- It mainly comprises riverine plains, and the vegetation has a floristic composition.
- Thatch and grasses constitute a major portion of the sanctuary.
Flora: The woodland of the sanctuary includes scattered patches of trees like Termenelia myriocarpa, Dillenia indica, Albizia spp., Bombax ceiba, and others.
Fauna: Mammals in the sanctuary are represented by Hog Deer, Wild Pig, Tiger and Elephant.
- More than 150 species of birds are the inhabitants of the sanctuary, including the endangered ones like White-Winged Wood Duck, and Bengal Florican.

Source: NIE

D’Ering Memorial Wildlife Sanctuary FAQs

Q1: D’Ering Memorial Wildlife Sanctuary is located in which state?

Ans: Arunachal Pradesh

Q2: Which major river forms islands inside D’Ering WLS?

Ans: Siang

Buff Tip Moth

May 9, 2026

Buff Tip Moth Latest News

Recently, scientists have recorded that a new invasive buff tip moth is threatening Ladakh’s farm-based economy.

About Buff Tip Moth

The buff-tip (Phalera bucephala) moth belongs to the family Notodontidae.
Distribution: It is native to parts of Africa, East Asia, and Europe.

Buff Tip Moth’s Life Cycle

Adults emerge in mid-June, mate quickly, and lay clusters of up to 150 eggs.
By July, the larvae hatch and begin feeding in groups, initially scraping the underside of the leaves before devouring them.
By late summer, the caterpillars burrow underground to pupate, lying dormant through winter before emerging the following year.
It blends in perfectly with its surroundings, looking just like the twig of a birch tree.

Buff Tip Moth Ecological Impact

It is a voracious feeder and can strip an entire tree bare in a few weeks.
Its polyphagous nature (ability to feed on a wide range of plants) makes it particularly threatening.

Source: TH

Buff Tip Moth FAQs

Q1: What is the distribution of Buff-tip moth?

Ans: Europe, East Asia, parts of Africa

Q2: Buff-tip moth belongs to which family?

Ans: Notodontidae

Somnath Temple

May 9, 2026

Somnath Temple Latest News

Prime Minister is set to visit the iconic Somnath Temple in Gujarat to mark the 75th anniversary of the restored Hindu temple’s inauguration by President Rajendra Prasad in 1951.

About Somnath Temple

It is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva.
It is located in Prabhas Patan near Veraval in Saurashtra on the western coast of Gujarat.
It is the first of the 12 jyotirlinga shrines in India that are regarded as the manifestation of the Lord Shiva Himself.
The site of Somnath has been a pilgrimage site from ancient times on account of being a Triveni Sangam: the confluence of three rivers, namely Kapila, Hiran, and Saraswati.
The ancient temple’s timeline can be traced from 649 BC but is believed to be older than that.
The temple faced several invasions, the most notable being by Mahmud Ghazni in the 11th century.
Reconstruction Efforts: Rebuilt multiple times by different dynasties, including the Paramaras, Chalukyas, and the Marathas.
The present temple was reconstructed in the Chalukya style of Hindu temple architecture and completed in May 1951.
The reconstruction was completed by Vallabhbhai Patel.

Somnath Temple Architecture

The temple features an elaborate and extravagant architecture marked with many rich, intricate carvings.
The temple is seven-storied and reaches up to a height of 155 ft.
The temple’s positioning is quite unique. The temple is positioned in such a way that not a single piece of land is visible from the Somnath seashore until Antarctica.
A magnificent Kalash or pot vessel tops the temple Shikhara and weighs up to 10 tons approximately.
The summit is adorned with a flag whose mast is 37 ft in length.

Source: OPI

Somnath Temple FAQs

Q1: Where is the Somnath Temple located?

Ans: At Prabhas Patan near Veraval in Saurashtra, Gujarat.

Q2: Which three rivers meet at the Triveni Sangam near Somnath Temple?

Ans: Kapila, Hiran, and Saraswati.

Q3: Which invader attacked the Somnath Temple in the 11th century?

Ans: Mahmud of Ghazni.

Q4: In which architectural style was the present Somnath Temple reconstructed?

Ans: Chalukya style.

Q5: Who completed the reconstruction of the Somnath Temple after independence?

Ans: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

Tactical Advanced Range Augmentation Weapon

May 9, 2026

Tactical Advanced Range Augmentation weapon Latest News

Recently, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Air Force (IAF) successfully conducted the maiden flight-trial of Tactical Advanced Range Augmentation (TARA) weapon off the coast of Odisha.

About Tactical Advanced Range Augmentation weapon

It is India’s first indigenous glide weapon system to convert unguided warheads into precision guided weapons.
- Glide weapon system once released from an aircraft, the system uses aerodynamic lift and onboard guidance mechanisms to glide towards a target instead of falling directly under gravity like a conventional free-fall bomb.
TARA has been designed and developed by Research Centre Imarat (RCI), Hyderabad along with other DRDO laboratories.

Features of TARA Weapon

It is developed to enhance the lethality and accuracy of a low-cost weapon to neutralise ground-based targets.
It enables stand-off attacks from safer distances.
It improves targeting accuracy against ground-based targets.
It uses modular architecture for compatibility with existing munitions
It incorporates low-cost indigenous guidance technologies.
It supports rapid integration with Indian Air Force platforms.
It is the first glide weapon to utilize state-of-the-art low-cost systems.
The development of the kit has been undertaken with Development cum Production Partners (DcPP) & other Indian industries.

Source: PIB

Tactical Advanced Range Augmentation Weapon FAQs

Q1: TARA is a What type of weapon?

Ans: Glide bomb kit for aerial bombs

Q2: What guidance system does TARA use?

Ans: It uses GPS/INS based – All-weather, day-night capability

Baiga Tribe

May 9, 2026

Baiga Tribe Latest News

13 children belonging to the Baiga tribe, a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group, were recently rescued from bonded labour in Chhattisgarh's Kabirdham district.

About Baiga Tribe

They are one of India’s Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
They are found in central India, primarily in the state of Madhya Pradesh, and in smaller numbers in the surrounding states of Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Jharkhand.
Language: The Baiga tribe primarily speaks Baigani, a dialect of Chhattisgarhi heavily influenced by Gondi and Hindi.
Livelihood: Traditionally semi-nomadic, they practised slash-and-burn cultivation, locally called “Bewar”, and now depend mainly on minor forest produce.
Live-in relationships are common among the Baiga. If marriage does take place, the man compensates the woman's family for the loss of a working member.
Tattooing is integral to their culture, with specific tattoos designated for different body parts and age groups.
Tattoos are made using kajal derived from Ramtilla seeds (Niger seeds).
Mahua Tree: These are fermented and distilled to prepare an intoxicant, forming an essential part of their diet and culture.
The Baiga tribe is the first community in India to be granted habitat rights, reflecting their deep connection with forests.

Source: IND

Baiga Tribe FAQs

Q1: In which region of India is the Baiga tribe primarily found?

Ans: They are found in central India, primarily in the state of Madhya Pradesh, and in smaller numbers in the surrounding states of Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Jharkhand.

Q2: Which state has the largest population of the Baiga tribe?

Ans: Madhya Pradesh.

Q3: What is the primary language spoken by the Baiga tribe?

Ans: Baigani

Q4: What is the traditional slash-and-burn cultivation practised by the Baiga tribe called?

Ans: Bewar.

INS Sagardhwani

May 9, 2026

INS Sagardhwani Latest News

Recently, the INS Sagardhwani visited Cam Ranh, Vietnam which marked a significant step in India’s scientific cooperation with Vietnam.

About INS Sagardhwani

It is an oceanographic research vessel which was commissioned in July 1994.
The meaning of the name 'Sagardhwani’ is the sound/ voice of the sea.
It was designed by Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL), Kochi.
It was built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE).
It is equipped with an array of scientific equipment and laboratories for conduct of scientific research in the field of oceanography.
Objective: The vessel has served as a key platform for marine scientific research, contributing significantly to advancements in marine acoustics and naval oceanography.
INS Sagardhwani has completed more than 200 scientific missions aimed at developing theoretical models for development of weapons and sensors.
It works in tandem with scientific organisations and laboratories of DRDO like Naval Science and Technology Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Laboratory.
It has participated in the Sagar Maitri initiative.
- Sagar Maitri is a flagship collaborative initiative of the Indian Navy and DRDO, aligned with the Government of India’s vision of 'Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions (MAHASAGAR)'.
- The initiative aims to promote closer cooperation in socio-economic aspects and greater scientific interaction, especially in ocean research, among Indian Ocean Rim (IOR) countries.

Source: PIB

INS Sagardhwani FAQs

Q1: Which organization built INS Sagardhwani?

Ans: GRSE, Kolkata

Q2: In 2025, INS Sagardhwani undertook which mission?

Ans: Sagar Maitri Mission to South-East Asia

Teesta River

May 9, 2026

Teesta River Latest News

Recently, the Bangladesh govt has sought China’s “involvement and support” for the Teesta restoration project.

About Teesta River

Origin: It originates from the Tso Lhamo Lake at an elevation of approximately 5,280 meters in North Sikkim, India.
It is glacier-fed, with sources like Pahurni Glacier, Khangse Glacier, and ChhoLhamo Lake contributing to its flow.
It is a major tributary of the Brahmaputra River (known as the Jamuna in Bangladesh) and flows through India and Bangladesh.
Course

- It then flows cutting a deep gorge through the Siwalik Hills east of Darjiling (in West Bengal, India).
- It turns southeast to run through the Sivok Khola pass onto the plains of West Bengal.
- It then enters Bangladesh, where it joins the Brahmaputra River (known as the Jamuna River in Bangladesh).
Tributaries: Major tributaries include Lachung Chhu, Dik Chhu, and Rangpo Chhu on the left bank and the Rangit River on the right bank.
Notably, 83% of the basin lies in India, while 17% is in Bangladesh.

Source: TOI

Teesta River FAQs

Q1: The Teesta water dispute is between which two countries?

Ans: India & Bangladesh

Q2: Teesta River originates from which location?

Ans: Tso Lhamo Lake, Sikkim