What is Sepsis?

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What is Sepsis?

Despite dramatic improvements in understanding the immunological mechanisms behind sepsis, it remains a major medical concern, affecting nearly 50 million people globally each year.
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition arising from the body’s over-reactive response against infection, leading it to injure its tissues and organs.
Researchers have studied how certain types of bacteria interact with cells during infections to discover the cells and molecules that potentially trigger death from sepsis.
Autoimmunity and sepsis
The body’s response to infection starts when immune cells recognise components of the invading pathogen. These cells then release molecules like cytokines that help eliminate the infection.
Among the hundreds of cytokines that exist, tumour necrosis factor, or TNF stands tall as the most potent and the most studied for nearly the past 50 years.
What is Tumour Necrosis Factor?
It is a cytokine which is produced when the immune system is stimulated by a bacterial extract called Coley’s toxin.
Blood cells made in the bone marrow (myeloid cells) are the major producers of TNF.
In normal conditions, TNF promotes beneficial processes such as cell survival and tissue regeneration.
Uncontrolled TNF production can lead to a dangerous cytokine storm and to the development of rheumatoid arthritis and similar inflammatory conditions.
Blocking and neutralising TNF activity can effectively treat numerous autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis.
What are Cytokines?
These are a broad group of small proteins released by the immune cells in response to a pathogen.
Cytokines play an essential role in the immune response, excessive and uncontrolled cytokine production can lead to a dangerous cytokine storm.

Q1) What are the symptoms and treatment of Sepsis?

Sepsis occurs when chemicals released in the bloodstream to fight an infection trigger inflammation throughout the body. Some of its symptoms include fever, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, fast heart rate and mental confusion.

It can be treated using antibiotics and intravenous fluids.

Source: Sepsis is one of the most expensive medical conditions in the world – new research clarifies how it can lead to cell death