CE-20 cryogenic engine

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About CE-20 cryogenic engine:

It has been designed and developed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC), a subsidiary of ISRO.
It will power the Cryogenic Upper Stage of the LVM3 launch vehicle.
ISRO will use it for its ‘Mission Gaganyaan’ for sending man to space in 2024.
It is the first Indian cryogenic engine to feature a gas-generator cycle.
It is one of the most powerful upper-stage cryogenic engines in the world.
This engine develops a nominal thrust of 186.36 kN in vacuum.

What is a Cryogenic stage?

The cryogenic stage is technically a very complex system due to its use of propellants at extremely low temperatures and the associated thermal and structural problems.
It uses liquid fuels (Oxygen liquifies at -183 deg C and Hydrogen at -253 deg C) that are cooled to very low temperatures.
A Cryogenic rocket stage is more efficient and provides more thrust for every kilogram of propellant it burns compared to solid and earth-storable liquid propellant rocket stages.

Q1) What is Launch Vehicle Mark-3?

LVM3 is configured as a three stage vehicle with two solid strap-on motors (S200), one liquid core stage (L110) and a high thrust cryogenic upper stage (C25). The S200 solid motor is among the largest solid boosters in the world with 204 tonnes of solid propellant. The liquid L110 stage uses a twin liquid engine configuration with 115 tonnes of liquid propellant, while the C25 Cryogenic upper stage is configured with the fully indigenous high thrust cryogenic engine.

Source: CE-20 cryogenic rocket engine tested successfully