What is Kala Azar?

About Kala-azar:

• Kala-azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis (VL), is a severe form of leishmaniasis caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani.
• It is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female sandfly, primarily Phlebotomus argentipes in India.
• The disease affects some of the world’s poorest people and is associated with malnutrition, population displacement, poor housing, a weak immune system and lack of financial resources.
• People with HIV and other conditions that weaken their immune system, are more likely to get sick from a Leishmania infection.
• Symptoms: The disease is characterized by irregular bouts of fever, substantial weight loss, swelling of the spleen and liver, and severe anaemia if left untreated, which can lead to death within two years.
• Diagnosis: Diagnosis combines clinical signs with parasitological or serological tests, such as the rK39 diagnostic kit.
• Treatment: There are several anti-parasitic medications available that treat leishmaniasis.

Q1: What is the World Health Organisation (WHO)?

The World Health Organization (WHO), established in 1948, is a specialized agency of the United Nations that connects nations, partners and people to promote health, keep the world safe and serve the vulnerable – so everyone, everywhere can attain the highest level of health. 

Source: Kala-azar: India to seek WHO certification for eliminating disease