Ganga River System, Tributaries, Origin, Length, Map

Yamuna

• The Yamuna River is the largest tributary of the Ganga River system in terms of water volume. 
• It originates from the Yamunotri Glacier, located in the lower Himalayas of Uttarakhand. This glacier lies at an elevation of approximately 6,387 meters above sea level, near the Bandarpoonch peaks in the Mussoorie range within Uttarkashi district.
• Covering around 1,376 kilometers, the river flows through multiple Indian states, including Uttarakhand, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Delhi, before finally merging with the Ganga at Prayagraj in Uttar Pradesh. Its major tributaries include the Tons, Asan, Giri, Ken, Betwa, Chambal, Sind, Rind, and Hindon rivers.

Son Nadi 

• It is the second-largest southern tributary of the Ganga and flows through central India. 
• Originating near Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh, just east of the Narmada River's source, it initially flows through Madhya Pradesh before taking a sharp eastward turn towards the Kaimur Range. 
• The river passes through the states of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, and Bihar, eventually merging with the Ganga near Patna in Bihar.

Punpun

• Originating in the Palamu district of Jharkhand, this river flows through Chhatra, Aurangabad, Gaya, and Patna, covering regions in both Jharkhand and Bihar. 
• Following a northeastward path, it eventually merges with the Ganga at Fatuha in Patna, Bihar.

Falgu

• Falgu is also known as the Phalgu or Niranjana River, it is a significant waterbody in Bihar. 
• The Falgu River is an important site for tourism and pilgrimage, holding great spiritual significance, especially in Buddhism, as it is believed to be the place where Lord Buddha attained enlightenment at Bodh Gaya on the banks of the Falgu River.
• Flowing through the districts of Chatra and Gaya in Jharkhand and Bihar, it eventually merges with the Punpun River.

Kiul

• Kiul originates in the Giridih district of Jharkhand, which flows through the Sheikhpura, Jamui, and Lakhisarai districts of Bihar before merging with the Ganga near Surajgarha. 
• It spans a length of 110 kilometers and drains an area of approximately 16,500 square kilometers.

Chandan

• Chandan flows near the city of Bhagalpur in the Indian state of Bihar, also known by the name of Champa River, which is the historical name of the river.

Ajay

• The Ajay River originates on the gentle slopes near the Deoghar Hills in the Santhal Pargana district of Jharkhand. 
• Flowing through Jharkhand and Bihar, it eventually reaches its endpoint in Simjuri, West Bengal.

Damodar

• It is a major tributary of the Ganga River, originating from the Palamau Hills in the Chota Nagpur Plateau, Jharkhand, at an altitude of approximately 610 meters. 
• Flowing in a southeasterly direction, it travels through several districts in Jharkhand and West Bengal before finally merging with the Hooghly River, around 48 kilometers downstream of Kolkata.

Rupnarayan

• It is formed by the confluence of the Dwarakeswar and Shilabati rivers near Ghatal, flowing into the Hooghly River at Geonkhali

Tamsa

• The Tamsa River, a tributary of the Ganga, originates from Tamakund in the Kaimur Range at an elevation of 610 meters. 
• It flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh before merging with the Ganga.

Karamnasa

• It is a minor tributary of the Ganga, originating in the Kaimur district of Bihar. 
• The river flows through the states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh before joining the Ganga.

Ramganga (Western)

• It is the first major tributary of the Ganga, originating from the southern slopes of the Doodhatoli ranges in Uttarakhand's Chamoli district. 
• Flowing through Corbett National Park near Ramnagar in the Nainital district, it then descends into the plains.
• Spanning a length of 596 kilometers, the Ramganga River merges with the Ganga near Kannauj in Uttar Pradesh.

Garra

• Originating in the Kumaon Hills of Uttarakhand, this river is a tributary of the Ganga. 
• It flows through several regions, including the major industrial areas of Shahjahanpur in Uttar Pradesh.

Gomti

• An important tributary of the Ganga, it originates from Fulhaar Jheel, a lake situated in Madhotanda, approximately 30 km east of Pilibhit town in Uttar Pradesh. 
• The lake, located at an elevation of 185 meters above sea level, serves as the source of the Gomti River, which flows southeast through the Ganga Plain.

Ghaghara

• Also known as Karnali or Manchu in its upper reaches, this river has its source in the Himalayan glacier about 60 km south-west at Mansarovar at an elevation of 4800 m.
• Flowing southeast, it passes through Uttar Pradesh and Bihar before merging with the Ganga.
• Spanning a length of 1,080 km, its major tributaries include the Sarju, Sharda, Rapti, and Chhoti Gandak rivers. 
• The river has a catchment area of approximately 127,000 square kilometers, with 45% of it lying within India.

Gandak

• A major river in both Nepal and India, it originates at an altitude of 7,620 meters near the north Dhaulagiri peak in Tibet, close to the Nepal border. 
• In Nepal, it is known as the Narayani and Kali Gandaki after merging with the Trisuli River. 
• The river has a total catchment area of 46,300 square kilometers, with 7,620 square kilometers falling within India.

Burhi Gandak

• Originating from a spring in the Someshwar Hills at an elevation of 300 meters in the West Champaran district of Bihar, this river is also known as Sikrchana in its upper reaches.

Kosi

• One of the major rivers in Nepal and India, it originates from the Himalayan region of Nepal and Tibet. 
• Also known as Saptakoshi, it is formed by the confluence of three streams—the Sun Kosi, Arun Kosi, and Tamur Kosi. 
• Upon entering northern Bihar, India, it splits into multiple distributaries before merging with the Ganga near Kursela in the Katihar district of Bihar. 
• Often referred to as "Bihar’s Sorrow" due to its frequent and intense flooding, it carries one of the highest amount of silt and sand in India after the Brahmaputra.