UPSC Internal Security Notes 2025, Topic wise, Download PDF

Internal Security Notes for UPSC includes the study materials in PDF formats which includes the topics relevant to the UPSC CSE 2025. These notes provide detailed coverage of Internal Security and Linkages of organized crime with terrorism, Security challenges and their management in the border area, serving as a valuable resource for self-study and revision. These two issues are heavily influenced by current events. Keep reading the article to get the download link for Internal Security Notes for UPSC PDF.

Internal Security Notes for UPSC

Prepared by Vajiram and Ravi’s expert faculty, these Internal Security Notes for UPSC are updated and cover all important topics in a structured manner. Designed for aspirants, these notes are easy to understand and directly aligned with the syllabus.

UPSC Internal Security

The questions related to Internal Security plays a major role in UPSC CSE 2025 and to be equipped with updated UPSC Internal Security Notes keep reading the article which will help aspirants in the preparation, these notes cover important topics from the UPSC Syllabus 2025. 

India’s National Security

Focuses on sovereignty, territorial integrity, and internal stability. The National Security Council advises strategy, the National Security Strategy ensures defense preparedness, and the National Security Act 1980 addresses emerging threats.

• India’s National Security
  • National Security Council
  • National Security Strategy
  • National Security Act 1980

Challenges to India’s Internal Security (Note: include Threats and Vulnerabilities)

India faces threats from terrorism, cyberattacks, illegal immigration, and communal tensions. Vulnerabilities include misuse of communication networks and social media. Laws like the Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 address specific challenges, aiming to bolster national security.

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• Challenges to india’s Internal Security (Note: include Threats and Vulnerabilities)
  • Challenges to internal security through communication networks
  • Role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges
  • Illegal Immigrants
    • Citizenship Amendment Act 2019

Linkages between development and spread of extremism

Underdevelopment fuels grievances, enabling extremism like Naxalism, militancy in J&K, and separatist movements. Addressing these requires inclusive growth, governance reforms, dialogue, and targeted measures like AFSPA and peace accords.

• Linkages between development and spread of extremism
  • Extremism in India – forms, challenges and measures
  • Left Wing Extremism in India
    • Rise of Naxalism in India 
  • Militancy in Jammu and Kashmir
  • North-East Insurgency
    • AFSPA – Armed Forces Special Power Act
    • Naga Insurgency and Naga Peace Accord
  • Separatist Movement in India
    • Khalistan Movement

Terrorism in India

India faces threats from cross-border terrorism, proxy wars, and lone-wolf attacks. Linkages with organized crime and terror financing exacerbate risks. Measures include FATF compliance, counterterror laws, intelligence strengthening, and bioterrorism preparedness.

• Terrorism in India
  • Linkages of organized crime with terrorism
  • Terror Financing
    • Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Proxy War
  • Bioterrorism
  • Lone Wolf Attacks

Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity ensures the protection of digital infrastructure and data from cyber threats. India’s framework includes the IT Act 2000, National Cyber Security Policy 2013, CERT-In, and NCIIPC. A National Cyber Security Strategy enhances resilience and preparedness.

• Cybersecurity
  • Information Technology Act 2000
  • National Cyber Security Strategy 
  • National Cyber Security Policy 2013
    • CERT In – National Computer Emergency Response Team
    • National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre

PMLA 2002

The Prevention of Money Laundering Act combats money laundering, addressing black money and illegal financial flows like hawala. Enforcement Directorate enforces it, alongside the Fugitive Economic Offenders Act to penalize economic offenders hiding abroad.

• PMLA 2002
  • Black Money
  • Tax Havens and Hawala
    • Enforcement Directorate – ED
  • Fugitive Economic Offenders Act – FEO

Border Management

Border management ensures protection against infiltration, smuggling, and terrorism through surveillance and coordination. Maritime security safeguards coastlines, trade routes, and exclusive economic zones via naval patrols, coastal surveillance, and global cooperation.

• Border Management
  • Maritime Security

Security Forces and Agencies in India

India’s security framework includes armed forces, paramilitary forces, and agencies ensuring internal and external safety. Key initiatives like the Chief of Defence Staff, Agnipath Scheme, and Integrated Battle Groups enhance operational efficiency and integration.

• Security Forces and Agencies in India
  • Paramilitary forces
  • Integrated Battle Groups upsc- CDS
    • Chief of Defence Staff India
  • Agnipath Scheme  – Agniveers
  • Integrated Battle Groups – IBG

NIA – National Investigation Agency

Established in 2008, the NIA investigates terrorism and related crimes impacting national security. It operates under the NIA Act, ensuring swift, specialized handling of cases to uphold India’s internal security framework.

• NIA – National Investigation Agency

UAPA

UAPA is a stringent law aimed at curbing terrorism and unlawful activities. It allows detention without charge for a specified period and empowers the government to ban organizations and seize assets linked to terrorism.

• UAPA

Military Exercises

Strategic operations conducted by armed forces to improve combat readiness, coordination, and interoperability. These exercises include defense tactics, counterterrorism scenarios, and are often conducted with other nations for joint training.

• Military Exercises