UPSC Internal Security Syllabus 2025, Topic Wise & Mains Syllabus

Internal Security forms a vital part of GS Paper III in the UPSC Mains Exam 2025. With evolving threats like cyberattacks, left-wing extremism, cross-border terrorism, and coastal security, this section requires both theoretical clarity and awareness of real-time developments. We have provided the list of topics which are included in UPSC Internal Security Syllabus 2025 with preparation tips and booklist to refer for the preparation.

UPSC Internal Security Syllabus 2025 Topic Wise

These topics are interconnected and demand a multidimensional understanding, legal, social, economic, and technological. The UPSC Internal Security Syllabus 2025 includes the following under UPSC GS 3 Syllabus 2025:

• Linkages between development and spread of extremism
• Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security
• Challenges to internal security through communication networks, the role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security
• Money laundering and its prevention
• Security challenges and their management in border areas – linkages of organized crime with terrorism
• Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate

UPSC Internal Security Syllabus 2025 Mains

In Mains GS Paper III, questions from UPSC Internal Security Syllabus 2025 carry a significant weightage. These questions are analytical and require structured answers. A strong answer includes relevant case studies, laws (like NIA Act, IT Act, UAPA), and real-time examples (e.g., Pegasus controversy, drone attacks in Jammu). Commonly asked themes include:

• Causes and remedies for the spread of Naxalism
• Role of technology in modern terrorism
• India’s approach to cyber warfare and cyber security
• Money laundering channels and global conventions like FATF
• Border security and cross-border infiltration issues
• Role and reforms in CAPFs like BSF, CRPF, NSG, NIA

UPSC Internal Security 2025 Preparation Tips

1. Know the difference between terrorism, insurgency, extremism, and militancy. These terms are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings.
2. Use Vajiram & Ravi Class Notes which are divided topics like internal threats, institutional responses, and border issues useful for structuring answers in the exam.
3. Follow PIB, PRS India, and The Hindu’s security section. Include examples from recent cyberattacks, NIA raids, border tensions, etc.

4. When writing Mains answers, visuals help simplify complex threats and highlight institutional relationships (like between MHA, NIA, and IB).
5. Topics like “Cybersecurity challenges post-COVID” or “Organized crime and terrorism nexus” have featured in past papers. Prepare 150–250 word answers in advance.

Best Books for UPSC Internal Security 2025

• Internal Security and Disaster Management by Ashok Kumar (McGraw Hill)
• PIB and PRS India Updates – for ongoing security developments
• Vajiram & Ravi Yellow Books/Handwritten Notes – crisp and exam-specific
• ARC Reports – especially the 2nd ARC Report on Public Order
• Refer to the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) annual reports for data and schemes.

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