UPSC Science and Technology Syllabus 2025, Topic Wise & Mains Syllabus

Science and Technology (S&T) is a dynamic and application-based section of General Studies Paper III in the UPSC CSE Exam 2025. Unlike other static subjects, UPSC Science and Technology Syllabus 2025 is largely driven by current developments, policy initiatives, and India’s achievements in scientific and technological fields. A good understanding of this section demonstrates a candidate’s grasp of how innovation impacts development, governance, and national security.

UPSC Science and Technology Syllabus 2025 Topic Wise

While the official UPSC Science and Technology Syllabus 2025 does not list detailed subtopics, the following areas are covered under this theme:

1. Recent Developments in Science & Tech
   • Breakthroughs in medicine, space, nanotech, robotics, biotech, etc.
   • India’s technological missions (ISRO, DRDO, DST, etc.)
2. Information Technology and Computers
   • Cybersecurity, digital infrastructure, blockchain, quantum computing
3. Space Technology
   • Major ISRO missions (e.g., Gaganyaan, Chandrayaan-3, Aditya-L1)
   • Satellite communication and remote sensing applications
4. Nuclear Technology
   • India’s nuclear policy, civilian nuclear energy, nuclear reactors
5. Biotechnology and Health
   • Vaccines, GM crops, DNA tech, genome sequencing, public health technology
6. Nanotechnology and Robotics
   • Applications in medicine, defense, agriculture, and manufacturing
7. Indigenization of Technology
   • Make in India, Atmanirbhar Bharat in defense and tech
8. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
   • Patents, GI tags, copyright, WTO-TRIPS relevance
9. Science & Tech Institutions and Policies
   • National Science Policy, AI initiatives, National Supercomputing Mission

UPSC Science and Technology Syllabus 2025 Mains

In GS Paper III, Science & Technology questions are analytical and centered around India’s preparedness, policy response, and achievements. The questions are usually 10 or 15 markers, and require a balanced mix of concept, current affairs, and critical analysis. Use real-world examples, government schemes, and stats to support your answers.

UPSC Science and Technology Preparation Tips

1. Focus on Application-Oriented Concepts, Don’t go deep into technical science. Understand the working principles and relevance of technologies in sectors like agriculture, health, defense, and governance.
2. Follow Current Affairs Closely, Read The Hindu (Science & Tech section), PIB releases, ISRO, DRDO websites, and monthly current affairs magazines like Vajiram & Ravi Yellow Books.
3. Make Notes Topic-Wise, Create brief notes under headings like “Space Tech,” “Biotech,” “IT & Cybersecurity,” etc., and update them with current examples.
4. Use Government Schemes as Anchors, Link topics with policies like National Digital Health Mission, National Quantum Mission, or Atmanirbhar Bharat.
5. Practice Previous Year Questions (PYQs), which helps understand the tone and structure of expected answers. UPSC often repeats themes like cyber threats, vaccines, or AI regulation.

UPSC Science and Technology Books

• Science and Technology by Ravi Agrahari (McGraw Hill) – UPSC-oriented, concept + current
• Science Reporter Magazine – Published by NISCAIR, covers monthly updates
• PIB and ISRO/DRDO websites – Authentic and factual updates
• Vajiram & Ravi Monthly Current Affairs – Summarized, exam-ready content
• NCERTs (Class 6-10 Science) – For basic scientific awareness

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