Salt Cavern

About Salt Cavern:

• Salt caverns are developed by the process of solution mining, which involves pumping water into geological formations with large salt deposits to dissolve the salt.
• After the brine (water with dissolved salt) is pumped out of the formation, the space can be used to store crude oil.
• The process is simpler, faster, and less cost-intensive than developing excavated rock caverns.
• Salt cavern-based oil storage facilities are also naturally well-sealed, and engineered for rapid injection and extraction of oil.
• The salt that lines the inside of these caverns has extremely low oil absorbency, which creates a natural impermeable barrier against liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons, making the caverns apt for storage.
• Rajasthan, which has the bulk of requisite salt formations in India, is seen as the most conducive for developing salt cavern-based strategic storage facilities. 

India’s Strategic Petroleum Reserves

• India has three existing strategic oil storage facilities — at Mangaluru and Padur in Karnataka, and Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh.
• These are made up of excavated rock caverns.

Q1) What is Petroleum?

Petroleum, also known as crude oil, is a naturally occurring fossil fuel that is found beneath the Earth’s surface. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, which are organic compounds primarily made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Source: Oil Reserves in salt caverns: The Potential in India