UPSC Medical Science Syllabus 2025 for Mains Optional Paper 1 & 2

• Applied anatomy including blood and nerve supply of upper and lower limbs and joints of shoulder, hip and

knee.

• Gross anatomy, blood supply and lymphatic drainage of tongue, thyroid, mammary gland, stomach, liver, prostate, gonads and uterus.
• Applied anatomy of diaphragm, perineum and inguinal region.
• Clinical anatomy of kidney, urinary bladder, uterine tubes, vas deferens.
• Embryology: Placenta and placental barrier. Development of heart, gut, kidney. uterus, ovary, testis and their common congenital abnormalities.
• Central and Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System: Gross and clinical anatomy of ventricles of brain, circulation

of cerebrospinal fluid; Neural pathways and lesions of cutaneous sensations, hearing and vision; Cranial

nerves distribution and clinical significance; Components of autonomic nervous system.

• Conduction and transmission of impulse, mechanism of contraction, neuromuscular transmission, reflexes,

control of equilibrium, posture and muscle tone, descending pathways, functions of cerebellum, basal ganglia,

Physiology of sleep and consciousness.

• Endocrine System: Mechanism of action of hormones; formation, secretion, transport, metabolism, function and regulation of secretion of the pancreas and pituitary gland.
• Physiology of Reproductive System: Pregnancy, menstrual cycle, lactation, pregnancy.
• Blood: Development, regulation and fate of blood cells.
• Cardio-vascular : cardiac output, blood pressure, regulation of cardiovascular functions.

• Organ function tests— liver, kidney, thyroid
• Protein synthesis.
• Vitamins and minerals.
• Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
• Radio-immunoassays (RIA).

➢ Disturbances of growth and cancer

➢ Pathogenesis and histopathology of rheumatic and ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus.

➢ Difference between benign and malignant tumours, primary and metastatic malignancies.

➢ Pathogenesis and histopathology of bronchogenic carcinoma, carcinoma breast, oral cancer, cancer cervix, leukaemia.

• Etiology, pathogenesis and histopathology of— cirrhosis liver, glomerulonephritis,tuberculosis, acute osteomyelitis.

2. Diseases caused by and laboratory diagnosis of —

• Meningococcus, Saimonella
• Shigella, Herpes, Dengue, Polio, HIV/AIDS
• HIV/AIDS, Malaria, E. Histolytica, Giardia
• Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus.

• Mechanism of action and side effects of the following drugs:
• Antipyretics and analgesics
• Antibiotics
• Antimalaria, Anti Kala-azar
• Antidiabetics
• Antihypertensive, Antidiuretics
• General and cardiac vasodilators
• Antiviral, Antiparasitic, Antifungal
• Immunosuppressants
• Anticancer

• Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of management (including prevention) of—Typhoid, Rabies,
• AIDS, Dengue, Kala-azar, Japanese Encephalitis.
• Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of management of Ischaemic heart disease, pulmonary embolism, Bronchial asthma.
• Pleural effusion, tuberculosis, Malabsorption syndromes; acid peptic diseases, Viral hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver.
• Glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, renovascular hypertension,complications of diabetes mellitus, coagulation disorders, leukaemia, Hypo and hyperthyroidism, meningitis and encephalitis.
• Imaging medical problems, ultrasound, echo- cardiogram, CT scan, MRI.
• Anxiety and Depressive Psychosis and schizophrenia and ECT.

• Immunisation
• Baby friendly hospital
• Congenital cyanotic heart disease
• Respiratory distress syndrome, broncho— pneumonias
• Kernicterus
• IMNCI classification and management
• PEM grading and management.
• ARI and Diarrhoea of under five and their management

• Psoriasis, Allergic dermatitis, scabies, eczema, vitiligo, Stevan Johnson’s syndrome, Lichen Planus.

• Clinical features, causes, diagnosis and principles of management of:
• Laryngeal tumour, oral and esophageal tumours
• Cleft palate, harelip.
• Peripheral arterial diseases, varicose veins, coarctation of aorta.
• Tumours of Thyroid, Adrenal Glands.
• Breast: Abscess, cancer, fibroadenoma and adenosis of breast.
• Bleeding peptic ulcer, tuberculosis of bowel, ulcerative colitis, cancer of the stomach.
• Renal mass, cancer prostate.
• Haemothorax
• Stones of Gallbladder
• Kidney, Ureter and Urinary Bladder.
• Management of surgical conditions of Rectum, Anus and Anal canal, Gallbladder and Bile ducts.
• Splenomegaly, cholecystitis, portal hypertension, liver abscess, peritonitis, carcinoma head of pancreas.
• Fractures of spine, Colles’ fracture and bone tumours.
• Endoscopy.
• Laparoscopic Surgery

• Diagnosis of pregnancy.
• Labour management, complications of 3rd stage,
• Antepartum and postpartum haemorrhage, resuscitation of

the newborn, Management of abnormal life and difficult labour. Management of small for date or premature

newborn.

• Diagnosis and management of anaemia. Preeclampsia and Toxemia of pregnancy
• Management of Postmenopausal Syndrome.
• Intrauterine devices, pills, tubectomy and vasectomy. Medical termination of pregnancy including legal

aspects.

• Cancer cervix.
• Leucorrhoea, pelvic pain; infertility, dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), amenorrhoea, Fibroid and prolapse

of the uterus.

• Principles, methods, approach and measurements of Epidemiology.
• Nutrition, nutritional diseases/disorders and Nutrition Programmes.
• Health information Collection, Analysis and Presentation.
• Objectives, components and critical analysis of National programmes for control/eradication of : Malaria,Kala-azar, Filaria and Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, STDs and Dengue.
• Critical appraisal of Health care delivery system.
• Health management and administration; Techniques, Tools, Programme Implementation and Evaluation.
• Objectives, Components, Goals and Status of Reproductive and Child Health, National Rural Health Mission and Millennium Development Goals.
• Management of hospital and industrial waste.