Current Affairs of 22 June 2026

End The Free Rein of Junk Food Advertising in India

Context

• The rapid growth of Ultra-Processed Foods (UPFs) and High Fat, Sugar and Sodium (HFSS) products has become a major public health concern in India.
• Despite policy commitments to regulate unhealthy food marketing, advertisements for chips, noodles, biscuits, breakfast cereals, chocolates, and sweetened beverages remain widespread across television, social media, newspapers, and digital platforms.
• Such advertising often portrays unhealthy products as nutritious, influencing consumer behaviour, particularly among children and adolescents.
• Given the rising burden of obesity, diabetes, and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs), stronger regulation of food advertising is increasingly necessary.

The Problem of Misleading Food Advertising

• Selective Disclosure of Information
  • Food companies frequently market products using terms such as baked, multigrain, and no maida while failing to disclose high levels of sugar, salt, unhealthy fats, and refined carbohydrates.
  • Such selective presentation creates a false perception of healthfulness and prevents consumers from making informed choices.
• Role of Celebrity Endorsements
  • Celebrities and influencers often promote breakfast cereals, biscuits, and snacks that are high in sugar, fat, or salt.
  • These endorsements enhance consumer trust and increase the appeal of products, especially among young audiences, despite their questionable nutritional value.

Impact of Advertising on Consumption Patterns

• Creation of Consumer Demand
  • Advertising does not merely reflect consumer demand; it actively shapes and creates it.
  • Food corporations invest heavily in marketing because it influences purchasing decisions and consumption habits.
  • In India, over two lakh junk-food advertisements in a month were supported by expenditure of around ₹170 crore, demonstrating the enormous reach of commercial promotion.
• Influence on Children and Adolescents
  • Children are particularly vulnerable to persuasive marketing techniques.
  • Continuous exposure to advertisements through television, social media, sports broadcasts, schools, and public spaces encourages brand loyalty and normalises unhealthy dietary habits.
  • These patterns often persist into adulthood, contributing to long-term health risks.

Health Risks Associated with Ultra-Processed Foods

• Scientific Evidence
  • Growing scientific evidence links UPF consumption to poor diet quality and the displacement of traditional and minimally processed foods.
  • Research published in The Lancet associates UPFs with increased risks of obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and other chronic illnesses.
• Addictive Consumption Patterns
  • Many UPFs are engineered to be highly palatable through the use of additives, flavourings, emulsifiers, and sweeteners.
  • Such formulations encourage overconsumption and may trigger behavioural responses similar to those observed in addiction science, increasing the likelihood of excessive intake.

Policy and Legal Gaps in India

• Existing Commitments
  • India’s National Multisectoral Action Plan (NMAP) for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases proposed restrictions on HFSS food advertising.
  • However, implementation has remained limited, allowing unhealthy food marketing to continue largely unchecked.
• Emerging Policy Recognition
  • Recent developments indicate growing awareness of the issue.
  • Calls for front-of-pack warning labels, restrictions on child-targeted advertising, and stronger food regulations have gained momentum.
  • Judicial observations have also emphasised the right to health and the need to protect consumers from misleading advertisements.

The Path Forward: Need for Stronger Regulation

• Protecting Public Health
  • When health risks are foreseeable and vulnerable populations are affected, the state has a responsibility to intervene.
  • Nutrition education alone cannot succeed in an environment saturated with aggressive marketing of unhealthy foods.
  • Effective regulation is therefore essential to create healthier food environments.
• Learning from International Experience
  • Countries such as Chile, Mexico, and Brazil have implemented warning labels and restrictions on unhealthy food advertising.
  • Their experiences suggest that legally enforceable measures are often more effective than voluntary self-regulation by industry.
• Promoting Healthier Food Systems
  • Restricting the advertising of UPFs should not be viewed as anti-industry.
  • Reduced spending on aggressive marketing could encourage companies to invest in healthier and minimally processed food products.
  • Such a shift would support more sustainable and nutrition-oriented food systems.

Conclusion

• The widespread advertising of UPFs and HFSS foods poses significant challenges to public health in India.
• Misleading marketing practices, extensive exposure among children, and strong scientific evidence linking these products to chronic diseases justify stronger government intervention.
• Measures such as advertising restrictions, warning labels, and stricter regulatory frameworks can help protect consumers, promote healthier dietary habits, and uphold the constitutional right to health.
• Creating a healthier food environment is essential for reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases and ensuring the well-being of future generations.

End The Free Rein of Junk Food Advertising in India FAQs

Q1. What are Ultra-Processed Foods (UPFs)?

Ans. Ultra-Processed Foods are industrially manufactured food products that contain additives, flavourings, sweeteners, and other processed ingredients.

Q2. Why are UPF advertisements considered misleading?

Ans. UPF advertisements often highlight positive features such as "baked" or "multigrain" while concealing high levels of sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats.

Q3. How do food advertisements affect children?

Ans. Food advertisements influence children's preferences, create brand loyalty, and encourage unhealthy eating habits from an early age.

Q4. What health risks are associated with UPF consumption?

Ans. UPF consumption is linked to obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and other non-communicable diseases.

Q5. Why is stronger regulation of UPF advertising needed?

Ans. Stronger regulation is needed to protect public health, ensure informed consumer choices, and reduce the consumption of unhealthy food products.

Source: The Hindu

The Lack of Accountability Within the NTA 

Context

• The cancellation of NEET-UG following a paper leak and the subsequent re-examination of more than 22 lakh candidates exposed significant weaknesses in India's medical entrance examination system.
• While the government's response focused on criminal investigation, re-examination, and fee refunds, the incident revealed a deeper structural problem.
• A single security breach was able to disrupt the academic future of millions of students, highlighting concerns regarding institutional accountability, systemic resilience, and educational equity.
• The issue extends beyond identifying those responsible for the leak and raises questions about the design of the examination system itself.

Institutional Accountability and the NTA

• A major concern is the limited accountability of the National Testing Agency (NTA).
• Established as a registered society rather than through parliamentary legislation, the NTA operates without a clearly defined statutory liability framework toward candidates.
• In cases of examination failure, its obligations are largely restricted to carrying forward registrations and refunding examination fees.
• This creates a significant accountability gap, as the broader academic, financial, and psychological costs borne by candidates remain unrecognised.
• Students invest years of preparation and substantial resources, yet institutional failures impose consequences primarily on aspirants rather than the examining authority.

Structural Vulnerability of NEET

• The design of NEET itself amplifies the consequences of any security breach.
• Conducted nationwide in a single sitting with one question paper, it functions as a highly centralised examination system.
• Such a structure creates a single point of failure, where one compromised paper can affect the entire country.
• The absence of alternative examination windows or distributed safeguards means that even a limited breach can lead to nationwide cancellation.
• As a result, delays in examination schedules create uncertainty in admissions and disrupt the educational trajectory of millions of students.

Social and Economic Impact on Candidates

• The burden of examination cancellation extends far beyond the refunded application fee.
• With approximately 26 lakh MBBS seats available for over 22 lakh aspirants, competition is extremely intense.
• Many candidates spend years preparing for the examination and invest heavily in coaching institutes, accommodation, study materials, and living expenses.
• The impact is particularly severe for students from economically weaker sections.
• Existing disparities in educational access and learning outcomes reduce their ability to absorb additional costs and uncertainty.
• Consequently, institutional failures often reinforce existing inequalities and disproportionately affect vulnerable groups.

Limitations of the Legal Response

• The Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Act, 2024 strengthens penalties against organised cheating networks through stringent punishments and financial penalties.
• While these measures enhance deterrence, they do little to protect candidates who suffer from examination cancellations.
• The law does not provide a compensation mechanism, guarantee an automatic re-examination, or establish clear standards of institutional liability.
• Consequently, the legal framework prioritises punishment of offenders while offering limited relief to affected students.

Why Technology Alone Is Not Enough

• The proposed transition to Computer-Based Testing (CBT) is often viewed as a solution to examination malpractice.
• However, technological change alone cannot address the underlying structural problem. Security breaches can occur in both paper-based and digital systems.
• The cancellation of UGC-NET, despite being conducted through CBT, demonstrated that digitisation does not eliminate vulnerabilities when the examination remains dependent on a single high-stakes session.
• The core issue lies in risk concentration rather than the mode of examination delivery.

Constitutional and Ethical Concerns

• The issue also has important constitutional dimensions.
• Article 14 guarantees equality before the law and protection against arbitrary state action, while Articles 41 and 46 of the Directive Principles of State Policy emphasise educational opportunity and protection of disadvantaged groups.
• A system that shifts the costs of institutional failure onto students, particularly those with fewer resources, undermines these principles.
• True equality requires not only uniform rules but also fair distribution of risks, responsibilities, and opportunities.

The Way Forward

• Statutory Status for the NTA
  • The NTA should be granted a clear statutory basis with defined obligations toward candidates and enforceable consequences for institutional failures.
• Candidate Compensation Mechanism
  • A dedicated compensation framework should automatically provide relief when examinations are cancelled due to administrative lapses or security breaches.
• Multiple Examination Windows
  • Introducing multiple examination windows each year would reduce dependence on a single test and prevent one compromised session from affecting the entire candidate pool.

Conclusion

• The NEET-UG controversy demonstrates that the central issue is not merely the existence of a paper leak but the fragility of an examination system that can be disrupted by a single breach.
• Strengthening accountability, improving institutional responsibility, ensuring candidate welfare, and creating a more resilient examination architecture are essential for restoring public trust.
• A fair and effective system must not only punish wrongdoing but also protect students from the consequences of institutional failure.

The Lack of Accountability Within the NTA FAQs

Q1. Why was NEET-UG re-conducted in 2026?
Ans. NEET-UG was re-conducted because a paper leak compromised the integrity of the examination.

Q2. What is the main structural weakness of NEET?
Ans. The main structural weakness is that it is conducted in a single nationwide sitting, creating a single point of failure.

Q3. How are students affected by exam cancellations?
Ans. Students face academic delays, financial losses, and increased uncertainty about their future.

Q4. Why is the Public Examinations Act considered inadequate?
Ans. The Act punishes offenders but does not provide compensation or protection for affected candidates.

Q5. What reform is suggested to reduce the impact of future disruptions?
Ans. Introducing multiple examination windows can reduce risk and prevent a single breach from affecting all candidates.

Source: The Hindu

Ease of Justice and Judicial Reforms - Building a Future-Ready Justice Ecosystem in India

Context:

• India's justice delivery system has transformed over the past decade through legislative reforms, digital innovation, institutional strengthening, and improved access to justice.
• These reforms are taken within the broader vision of Ease of Justice and the goal of achieving Viksit Bharat 2047.

Justice as a Pillar of Good Governance:

• Justice forms the foundation of a civilized society by fostering trust, inclusion, and social stability.
• A robust justice ecosystem must not only guarantee access to justice but also contribute to citizens' ease of living.
• The government's reform agenda seeks to achieve this through a three-dimensional framework:
  • Ease of engagement for litigants
  • Ease of working for judges and advocates
  • Ease of understanding for citizens

Enhancing Access to Justice for Citizens:

• Expanding legal aid and pre-litigation support: Several initiatives have made legal services more affordable and accessible, especially in rural and remote regions.
• For example,
  • Tele-Law provides free pre-litigation legal consultations through digital platforms. Over 11.2 million beneficiaries have availed legal assistance under the scheme.
  • Nyaya Bandhu promotes pro bono legal services under the Designing Innovative Solutions for Holistic Access to Justice (DISHA) framework.
  • E-filing services and e-Seva Kendras have simplified interactions between litigants and courts.
• These initiatives aim to reduce procedural barriers and democratize access to justice.

Strengthening Judicial Infrastructure:

• Improving the working environment of courts:
  • Recognizing that subordinate courts are the first point of contact for most citizens, significant investments have been made in judicial infrastructure.
  • For example, court halls increased from 15,818 (2014) to 22,712. More than ₹9,400 crore has been released since 2014 for integrated court complexes.
• Digital transformation through e-Courts:
  • The e-Courts Phase-III Project seeks to establish end-to-end digital courts, paperless judicial processes, and AI-enabled justice delivery systems.
  • Supporting innovations include video conferencing facilities, virtual courts, and live-streaming of court proceedings
  • These measures enhance transparency, efficiency, and public accessibility.

Making Justice Understandable and Inclusive:

• Leveraging technology for linguistic accessibility:
  • In a multilingual country like India, ease of understanding is critical. Key initiatives include:
    • Supreme Court Vidhik Anuvaad Software (SUVAS) for translation of judgments.
    • Bhashini, an AI-powered language technology platform.
    • Translation of Supreme Court judgments into 18 Indian languages.
  • Data transparency: The National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG) provides public access to information on more than 340 million court orders, enhancing transparency and evidence-based judicial administration.

Modernisation of Criminal Justice:

• Integration of digital criminal justice platforms:
  • The newly enacted criminal laws have been supported by technological integration among e-Courts, e-Prosecution, e-Prisons, e-Forensics, and CCTNS.
• Nyaya Shruti platform:
  • The platform enables virtual appearances, digital recording of witness testimonies, and instant transmission of digital bail orders to prisons
  • This reduces delays in prisoner release and improves procedural efficiency.

Expanding Judicial Capacity:

• Increase in judicial strength, to address pendency and improve case disposal.
• For instance,
  • The High Court sanctioned strength increased from 906 to 1,122 judges.
  • Supreme Court strength rose from 31 to 34 judges in 2019, and subsequently to 38 judges.
  • During the last 12 years, 1,175 High Court judges and 77 Supreme Court judges were appointed.
• The appointments reflect efforts to strengthen judicial capacity and representation.

Improving Business Environment and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR):

• Legal simplification:
  • The government has reduced more than 40,000 compliances, and repealed 1,725 obsolete colonial-era laws.
  • These measures support the ease of doing business and reduce regulatory burdens.
• Promoting ADR:
  • India is increasingly positioning itself as a global ADR hub through:
    • Strengthened arbitration laws.
    • Establishment of the India International Arbitration Centre (IIAC).
    • Enactment of the Mediation Act, 2023.
  • At the 2026 BRICS Justice Ministers' Meeting, India played a key role in the adoption of the Gandhinagar Declaration, which promotes cooperation in mediation and arbitration.

Conclusion:

• A modern justice system must combine constitutional values with technological innovation, ensuring that justice remains accessible, affordable, and citizen-centric.
• As India moves towards Viksit Bharat 2047, sustained judicial reforms will be essential for strengthening the rule of law, improving governance outcomes, and deepening public trust in democratic institutions.

Ease of Justice and Judicial Reforms FAQs

Q1. How does the concept of "Ease of Justice" contribute to good governance in India?

Ans. It improves access, affordability, transparency, and efficiency in justice delivery.

Q2. What is the significance of the e-Courts Phase-III Project in judicial reforms?

Ans. It aims to create AI-enabled, paperless, and fully digital courts, enhancing judicial efficiency, accessibility, and transparency.

Q3. How are AI-based language technologies promoting inclusive justice in India?

Ans. Platforms such as SUVAS and Bhashini translate judicial documents into multiple Indian languages.

Q4. What role does Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) play?

Ans. ADR mechanisms such as arbitration and mediation reduce court burdens, ensure faster dispute resolution, etc.

Q5. What are the benefits of the integration of e-Courts, e-Prisons, and CCTNS?

Ans. It enables seamless digital coordination among institutions, reducing procedural delays and improving justice delivery.

Source: IE